【摘要】 目的:比较正常人与临床怀疑干眼症患者干眼仪泪膜图象及泪液分泌量的变化。方法:采用日本产DR-I型干眼仪对门诊干眼症患者245例490眼的泪膜脂质层光干涉图象形态进行观察,并与正常组50例100眼进行比较。干眼仪观察结果按5组级别统计,1、2级为正常,3、4、5级为异常,结果进行χ 2检验。同时用Schirmer-I法观察患者组泪液分泌量。 结果:正常组≤2级的人数百分率为84.1%,明显高于患者组58.2%;正常组≥3级的人数百分率为15.9%,明显低于患者组41.8%,两组比较差异有非常显著性意义(P <0.01)。Schirmer-I实验反应的是泪液的量,而泪膜光干涉图象反应的是泪液的质,两者之间部分有平行关系。结论:DR-I型干眼仪可以客观地反映患者泪膜性状的改变和程度及眼表疾病对泪膜的影响,结合干眼仪检查和Schirmer-I实验可为临床诊断提供参考依据。
【关键词】 干眼仪 干眼症
The clinical application of DR-I Tearscope Plus
Xiao-Ling Ning , Zhi-Jian Zheng
Shanxi Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Taiyuan 030002, Shanxi Province, China
Abstract AIM: To compare the image of lacrimal film and the change of the quantity of tear fluid between normal population and clinically suspected xerophthalmia patients.METHODS: The lipid layer interference patterns of the lacrimal film of 245 clinical cases (490 eyes) using DR-I Tearscope Plus (Japan) were reviewed and compared with 50 control cases (100 eyes). The result from the DR-I Tearscope Plus was divided into 5 grades: grades I and II were considered normal and grade III, IV and V were considered abnormal. At the mean time the quantity of tear fluid secretion in the clinical suspected group was observed with Schirmer -I method.RESULT: In the control group 84.1% eyes were found to be ≤grade II, significantly more than those in the clinical suspected group 58.2%; and 15.9% of the control group were ≥ grade III, significantly fewer than those in the clinically suspected group 41.8%. The difference between the two groups were significant (P <0.01). There is partly parallel relation between DR-I Tearscope Plus examination and schirmer-I method.CONCLUSION: DR-I Tearscope Plus can be a good tool to objectively reflect the characteristic change and its extent of the tear film and to show the influence of the tear film by the ocular surface disease. The combination of DR-I Tearscope Plus and Schirmer-I method can provide a valuable reference for the clinical diagnosis.
· KEYWORDS: DR-I Tearscope Plus; xerophthalmia
0 引言
干眼症是指任何原因引起的泪液质或量及动力学的异常,导致泪膜不稳定和/或眼表面的异常,并伴有眼部不适症状的一类疾病[1]。干眼症的主要症状有眼部干燥,异物感,视疲劳,畏光,灼热感,眼疼、流泪、视物模糊、眼红等[1]。过去干眼症大多发生于老年人,但是现在越来越多的年轻人患了干眼症,因此对干眼症进行明确诊断和正确治疗极为重要。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 收集2005-02/2005-08 我院门诊诊断为干眼症的患者245例490眼,其中男113例226眼,女132例264眼,年龄6~80岁。正常组50例100眼。
1.2方法 采用日本Kowa公司生产DR—I型干眼仪对干眼症患者的泪膜脂质层光干涉图象形态进行观察,并与正常组进行比较。根据Yakoi分类标准[2]将泪膜光干涉图象分为5级:1、2级为正常,3、4、5级为异常。干眼仪观察结果按≤2级、≥3级分别进行统计,结果进行χ 2检验。同时用Schirmer-I法观察患者组泪液分泌量。
2结果
比较患者组与正常组干眼仪检查各级别所占人数百分比,正常组≤2级的人数百分率为84.1%,明显高于患者组58.2%;正常组≥3级的人数百分率为15.9%,明显低于患者组41.8%,两组比较差异有非常显著性意义(P <0.01)。患者组干眼仪检查与Schirmer-I实验结果见表1。由此可见,Schirmer-I实验反应的是泪液的量,而泪膜光干涉图象反应的是泪液的质,两者之间部分有平行关系。
3讨论
稳定的泪膜是维持眼表健康的基础,任何原因引起眼表面泪膜的异常均将引起干眼[1]。由于干眼及其他结膜病变患者的主诉均为眼不适症状,因此临床上干眼症往往被误诊为结膜炎,使用抗生素及激素治疗后只能使病情越来越重,增强对干眼症的认识,对干眼症进行明确诊断和及时治疗极为重要[3]。DR-Ⅰ型干眼测试仪是对泪液进行动态观察的专用设备。该设备可以客观地反映患者泪膜性状的改变和程度及眼表疾病对泪膜的影响,具有检查简便、非接触性、对患者无任何伤害等优点,可对干眼患者进行等级判定,并且其分级与干眼的严重程度呈正相关。干眼症患者其泪液的质和量较正常人都有不同程度的改变,结合干眼仪检查和Schirmer-I法,可以更全面直观了解脂质层异常的程度及与泪液分泌量的变化关系。我们还对部分干眼症患者同时行结膜细胞学检查,发现结膜上皮细胞鳞状化改变,细胞大小不均匀,角化明显,而炎症细胞却极少见,进一步排除了是炎症引起的不适,因此将干眼仪检查、细胞学检查与Schirmer-I实验结合起来,将会为临床提供更为客观、准确的诊断依据。
【参考文献】 1刘祖国,主编.眼表疾病学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:286-304
2 Yokoi N, Takehisa Y, Kinoshita S. Correlation of tear lipid layer Interference patterns with the diagnosis and severity of dry eye. Am J Ophthalmol ,1996;122:818-824
3潘兰兰,贾卉.中老年干眼患者临床特征分析.国际眼科杂志,2006;6(5):1203-1206
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