Fig. 15. Ophthalmoscopic retinoscopy flowchart, step 2: how to estimate all refractive errors except those between -2.25 and -3.00 D using a retinoscope that converges with vergence control up. The purpose of this step is to prepare for neutralization retinoscopy. (Redrawn from Weinstock SM, Wirtschafter JD: A Decision-Oriented Manual of Retinoscopy. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1976.)