Fig. 1 Finite element analysis (FEA) correlated with motion analysis of impacts on human eyes. A–C. BB, moving right to left at 92.0 m/s (301.8 ft/s; 0.58 J) impacting a human cadaver eye held in an artificial orbit with clear gelatin. The sequence will be continued in the section on BBs to follow. D–F. FEA of the BB impact to a point just before globe penetration. G–I. Baseball, moving left to right at 41.2 m/s (92.2 mph; 124.3 J) impacting a human cadaver eye held in an artificial orbit with clear gelatin. Note globe rupture (dark area) at equator of the globe starting in (H) and enlarging in (I) See Figure 5 for the baseball rebound. J–L. FEA of the baseball impact to a point just before globe penetration. This FEA model has potential usefulness as a simulation tool for ocular injury and it may provide useful information for developing protective measures against sports, industrial and traffic ocular injuries. (Courtesy of Stefan Duma and Joel Stitzel. Virginia Tech Impact. Biomechanics Laboratory). |