PURPOSE  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the vitrectomy outcomes for high myopic patients with macular hole without retinal detachment and to compare these outcomes with those of control patients with idiopathic macular hole undergoing similar surgeries by the same surgeon.
DESIGN  The study was designed as a matched, case-control, retrospective chart review.
METHODS  We performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive cases that underwent vitrectomy for macular hole without retinal detachment from 2000 through 2008. 24 eyes of 24 patients were selected to participate in this study. They were divided into two groups: 12 study eyes with high myopic macular hole without retinal detachment and 12 control eyes with idiopathic macular hole. The main outcomes were preoperative, postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular hole closure rates, and complications in both groups.
RESULTS  There was a closure rate of 100% in both the study and control groups, and no cases of reopening were reported during the follow-up visits. Following surgery, the BCVA of the study group remained stable. There was no significant improvement in the BCVA after surgery (p = 0.35). The BCVA of the control group improved significantly (p = 0.00) after surgery. The mean postoperative BCVA in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group in a comparison using the Student’s t-test (p = 0.01). In the study group, the BCVA improved or remained stable after surgery in 8 eyes (67%). In the control group, the BCVA of all eyes improved or remained stable. There was significantly greater improvement in the BCVA in the control group than in the study group (p = 0.03). Thinning of the CTM following vitrectomy was showed in the OCT image of six eyes in the study group while in none of the eyes in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS  In summary, vitrectomy results in satisfactory anatomical improvements in patients with high myopic macular hole without retinal detachment. However, the visual acuity outcomes of the high myopic macular hole patients without retinal detachment were poorer than for patients with idiopathic macular holes.