Purpose: to evaluate treatment results of manual lacrimal canalicular compression and discharging the concretions through the puncta for primary canaliculitis.
Design:  retrospective, interventional case series.
Participants:  twelve patients with primary canaliculitis who were treated in the affiliated eye hospital of Wenzhou medical college between Mar 2009 and Jul 2010.
Methods: all patients were treated by manual lacrimal canalicular compression and discharging the concretions through the puncta. The concretions were sent to culture evaluation and histopathologic examination. The rigid microendoscopes with irrigation channels(PolyDiagnost GmbH,German) were performed through the puncta to confirm there were no concretions in lacrimal system of all patients.All patients were treated with tobramycin and dexamethasone eye Ointment after the surgery, 4 times daily for one week.
Main outcome measures: Resolution rate of primary canaliculius、complications and the results of rigid microendoscopes examination for lacrimal system after the procedure.
Result: all patients were cured after primary treatment. The concretions were removed completely by this method which confirmed by rigid microendoscopes. No concretions were found in lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct by rigid microendoscopes post-operation. 7(58.33%)of 12 patients had lcarimal haemorrhage.11(91.67%) of 12 patients had lacrimal canalicular concretions which had histopathologic results consistent with Actinomyces.
Conclusions:  Compressing the lacrimal canalicular and discharging the concretions through the punctum can remove the concretions completely,.This procedure can be a simple and highly effective treatment method for primary canaliculitis, which is minimally invasive to lacrimal system.