Chapter 4: Lids, Lacrimal Apparatus, & Tears
List of Figures
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Figure 4-1: Internal hordeolum, left upper eyelid, pointing on skin side. This should be opened by a horizontal skin incision. (Courtesy of A Rosenberg.) |
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Figure 4-2: Chalazion, right lower eyelid. (Courtesy of K Tabbara.) |
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Figure 4-3: Entropion. (Courtesy of M Quickert.) |
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Figure 4-4: Ectropion. (Courtesy of M Quickert.) |
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Figure 4-5: Epicanthus tarsalis. |
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Figure 4-6: Blepharochalasis. |
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Figure 4-7: Dermatochalasis of upper lids and herniation of orbital fat of lower lids. (Courtesy of M Quickert.) |
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Figure 4-8: Surgical correction of ptosis. Left: Before operation, ptosis of the upper lid was present. Right: After the operation (levator resection), the ptosis was well corrected and a natural-appearing upper lid fold produced. (Courtesy of C Beard.) |
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Figure 4-9: Molluscum contagiosum. Note central umbilication. |
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Figure 4-10: Xanthelasma. (Courtesy of M Quickert.) |
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Figure 4-11: Cavernous hemangioma of left upper lid. |
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Figure 4-12: Squamous cell carcinoma of upper lid. (Courtesy of A Rosenberg.) |
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Figure 4-13: Basal cell carcinoma of left lower lid. (Courtesy of S Mettier, Jr.) |
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Figure 4-14: Acute dacryocystitis. |
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Figure 4-15: Actinomyces israelii canaliculitis, left eye. (Courtesy of P Thygeson.) |
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Figure 4-16: The three layers of the tear film covering the superficial epithelial layer of the cornea. |
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Figure 4-17: Rose bengal staining of corneal and conjunctival cells in a 54-year-old woman with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. |
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Figure 4-18: Corneal filaments in a 56-year-old patient with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. |
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Figure 4-19: Baring of the corneal epithelium following formation of a dry spot in the tear film. (Modified and redrawn from Dohlman CH: The function of the corneal epithelium in health and disease. Invest Ophthalmol 1971;10:383.) |
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10.1036/1535-8860.ch4