Chapter 10: Retina
List of Figures
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Figure 10-1: Age-related macular degeneration with discrete (small arrow) and large confluent (large arrow) macular drusen. |
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Figure 10-2: Central serous chorioretinopathy with sensory retinal detachment (arrows) extending into the fovea. |
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Figure 10-3: Fluorescein angiogram of central serous chorioretinopathy shows active disease with both a retinal pigment epithelial detachment (small arrows) and a sensory retinal detachment (large arrows). Two foci of inactive disease (open arrows) are also present. |
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Figure 10-4: Flower-petal pattern of fluorescein dye in a patient with cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. |
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Figure 10-5: Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome with active disease (large arrows) and an inactive pigmented macular scar (small arrow). Peripapillary pigmentation (curved arrow) is also present. |
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Figure 10-6: The early fluorescein angiogram shows an inactive hypofluorescent scar (small arrow) and the characteristic lacy hyperfluorescence of subretinal neovascularization (open arrows). |
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Figure 10-7: Late fluorescein leakage from macular subretinal neovascularization in a patient with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. |
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Figure 10-8: Typical macular lesion of acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy. |
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Figure 10-9: Multiple angioid streaks (arrows) extend from the optic nerve. (Courtesy of University of California, San Francisco.) |
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Figure 10-10: Myopic macular degeneration with choroidal vessels (arrows) visible through atrophic retinal pigment epithelium. |
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Figure 10-11: Macular hole (large arrows) with surrounding sensory retinal detachment (small arrows). |
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Figure 10-12: Epiretinal macular membrane elevates retinal vessels (arrow) and produces retinal striae. |
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Figure 10-13: Traumatic choroidal rupture resulting in pigmented scar. A choroidal vessel (arrow) is visible through the scar. |
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Figure 10-14: X-linked juvenile retinoschisis with typical superficial retinal cysts in the fovea. |
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Figure 10-15: Cone dystrophy with depigmentation and a bull's-eye pattern to the macula. |
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Figure 10-16: Fundus flavimaculatus with multiple irregular fleck lesions (arrow) involving the macula. |
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Figure 10-17: Vitelliform dystrophy with a well-demarcated cyst-like macular lesion. |
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Figure 10-18: Retinopathy of prematurity with stretching of the macula and straightening of retinal vessels. |
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Figure 10-19: Retinitis pigmentosa with arteriolar narrowing and peripheral retinal pigment clumping. |
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Figure 10-20: Background diabetic retinopathy with abundant macular exudate (open arrow), micro-aneurysms (small arrow), and intraretinal hemorrhage (large arrow). |
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Figure 10-21: Fluorescein angiogram in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy shows microaneurysms (arrow) and perifoveal retinal vascular changes. |
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Figure 10-22: Late phase fluorescein angiogram shows hyperfluorescence typical of noncystoid diabetic macular edema. |
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Figure 10-23: Fluorescein angiogram shows hypofluorescence from capillary drop-out (arrows) typical of ischemic diabetic maculopathy. |
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Figure 10-24: A frond of neovascular tissue (arrows) is seen along the superotemporal vascular arcade in this eye with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. |
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Figure 10-25: Fluorescein angiogram of proliferative diabetic retinopathy shows leakage from the neovascular tissue. The pinpoint areas of hyperfluorescence are micro-aneurysms. |
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Figure 10-26: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy with preretinal hemorrhage obscuring the inferior macula. Macular exudate, microaneurysms, and intraretinal hemorrhages are also present. |
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Figure 10-27: Acute central retinal artery occlusion with opaque white retina and attenuated vessels. (Courtesy of University of California, San Francisco.) |
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Figure 10-28: Central retinal vein occlusion with extensive superficial retinal hemorrhage obscuring macular and optic nerve detail. |
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Figure 10-29: Branch retinal vein occlusion involves the superotemporal vein. The point of obstruction (arrow) is at an arteriovenous crossing. |
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Figure 10-30: Angiomatosis retinae of Von Hippel-Lindau disease (drawing). (Courtesy of F Cordes.) |
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Figure 10-31: Retinal astrocytic hamartoma. |
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Figure 10-32: Retinoblastoma as viewed through the pupil. |
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Figure 10-33: Endophytic retinoblastoma. |
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Figure 10-34: Retinoblastoma after radiotherapy. |
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10.1036/1535-8860.ch10