Figure 22-1: Lighthouse modification of the Ferris-Bailey ETDRS chart in a movable light box.
Figure 22-2: Low-vision spectacle aid. Patient demonstrates close reading distance (with lenticular spectacle) but with both hands free to hold reading material.
Figure 22-3: Hand magnifiers of varius types and strengths.
Figure 22-4: A woman with macular degeneration uses a fixed-focus stand magnifier. Her hand tremor prevented her from using a hand magnifier.