Subject Index

AB C DEF GHI JKL MNO PQRS TUV WXYZ

Click on a letter to get an alphabetic listing of Subjects.

Chapters in boldface indicate a major discussion of a topic.

Please also note that due to the impressive size of this index it was necessary to break it down in to smaller groups. The Alphabet above will take you to any letter you please and the grouping of letters is indicated by spaces between the letters.

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Subject Index J
Jackson-Weiss syndrome, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Jacoby, border tissue of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 25) 
Jadassohn-type anetoderma, cataract in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Jaeger, Eduard von, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Jaffe lid speculum, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
Jamaican optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) See also Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
Jaundice, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
congenital hemolytic, cataract in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
neonatal, autosomal dominant syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Jaundice with gastrointestinal disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Jaw, involuntary movements, trigeminal nerve and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Jaw claudication, in cranial arteritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Jaw-winking. See Marcus Gunn phenomenon
Jaw-winking ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Jerk nystagmus. See Nystagmus
Jerks
macro square-wave, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Jet skiing, eye injuries from, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Job performance, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Job proficiency, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Jobs, visual requirements of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Jogging, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Joint disease
anterior uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
HLA association in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
Joint Industrial Ophthalmology Committee, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Jones dye tests, in epiphora, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
Jones’ tube procedure, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Judgment of Line Orientation Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Jugular vein, intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Juvenile amaurotic idiocy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Juvenile cataracts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Juvenile epithelial dystrophy, Meesmann, 3–5, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
Juvenile familial nephrophthisis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Juvenile gangliosidosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Juvenile glaucoma
trabecular meshwork in, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
Juvenile macular degeneration, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
Juvenile macular dystrophy, Stargardt. See Stargardt’s disease
Juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, HLA antigen association of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) See also Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile (Still’s disease)
Juvenile sulfatidosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Juxtacanalicular region, trabecular meshwork and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Juxtacanalicular tissue, aqueous outflow resistance, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 

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Subject Index K
Kartagener syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
KC. See Keratoconjunctivitis
Kelman multiflex-style intraocular lens, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
Kennedy syndrome. See Foster Kennedy syndrome
Keplerian telescope, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Keratectomy
lamellar, conjunctival flap and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
photorefractive, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
corneal curvature after, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
excimer, videokeratography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
superficial, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28 ) 
in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
in granular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
in Reis-Bucklers’ dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
in squamous cell carcinoma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
therapeutic alternatives to, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
in vernal keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
Keratic precipitates, mutton-fat
in granulomatous uveitis, 2, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
Keratinized epithelial cells, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Keratinoid degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Keratitis; , (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
avascular, in leprosy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 63) 
bacterial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18 ) 
adjunctive therapy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
causative organisms, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
clinical approach, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
collagen shields, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
conjunctival flap in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
corticosteroids in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
enzyme inhibitors in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Gram-negative rods in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
antibiotic therapy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Gram-positive cocci in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
incidence, factors associated with, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
laboratory diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
recurrent, prevention, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
soft contact lenses in, therapeutic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
staphylococci in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
therapeutic approach, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
deep. (See Keratitis, interstitial)
epithelial, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 97) 
herpes simplex, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
recurrence in stromal disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
punctate, in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in staphylococcal lid infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
exposure
in thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
fungal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21) See also Fungal keratitis
after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
antifungal therapy for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21) 
classification of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21) 
clinical diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21 ) 
conjunctival flap in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
contact lens-related, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
diagnosis and management of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21) 
surgical interventions for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21) 
herpetic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) See also Herpes simplex keratitis; keratitis, zoster
infectious, blindness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 53) 
infective, contact-lens related, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
iridocyclitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 42) 
limbal vascular, herpes zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
luetic, phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
neuroparalytic
punctate epithelial erosions in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
reflex tearing in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
nummular, herpes zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
in polyarteritis nodosa, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
pseudodendriform, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
punctate
in herpes simplex infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
onchocerciasis and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 62) 
superficial, punctate, of Thygeson, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
ulcerative, peripheral, sterile, associated with collagen vascular disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Keratitis epithelialis vernalis of Tobgy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
Keratitis punctata superficialis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Keratocentesis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35 ) 
aqueous
vitreous, cytologic examination of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
vitreous humor, serologic examination of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
cytologic examination after, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
keratocentesis, technique of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
molecular genetic techniques, analysis of immune system, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
serologic examination after, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
surgical sampling, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
Keratoconjunctivitis, phlyctenular, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
causative agents, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
clinical manifestations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
conjunctival phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
corneal phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
pathophysiologic considerations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
symptoms, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
conjunctival phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
corneal phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
treatment, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
conjunctival phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
nontuberculous phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
tuberculous phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
corneal phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
Keratoconjunctivitis (KC); See also Conjunctivitis
adenoviral, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
preseptal cellulitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
microsporidial, antiprotozoal drugs for, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
of Theodore, superior limbic, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
vernal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2)  (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9 ) 
clinical manifestations, 3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
eosinophil granule major basic protein in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Horner-Trantas’ dots in, 2–3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
palpebral, 2–4, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
pathophysiology, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
phlyctenural keratoconjunctivitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
Keratoconjunctivitis medicamentosa, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) See also Dry eye syndrome(s); (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) See also Xerophthalmia
after penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
filamentary keratitis with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
punctate epithelial erosions in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
in rheumatoid arthritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, with gastrointestinal disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Keratoconus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
contrast sensitivity and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
epikeratoplasty for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 45) 
keratoplasty for. (See Keratoplasty)
Soper keratoconus lens for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
superficial keratectomy for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
Keratoconus design lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
Keratocyte(s)
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Keratoiridial adhesions, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
Keratolimbal allograft transplant, for limbal stem cell deficiency, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
Keratomalacia, 3. See also Xerophthalmia; (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 59) 
Keratometer, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) See also Ophthalmometer
in corneal topography analysis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
for fitting of contact lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Keratometric index, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
Keratometry, in rigid lens fitting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
Keratoneuritis, radial, in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
Keratopathy
after vitreous surgery, for proliferative vitreoretinopathy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 58) 
bullous, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
antimicrobial prophylaxis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
bandage lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
conjunctival flaps in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
retained lens fragments and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 65) 
therapeutic hydrogel lenses in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
crystalline, infectious, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 49) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
after penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
epithelial
subepithelial keratopathy combined with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
lipid, secondary, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
punctate, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
coarse, in herpes zoster keratouveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 39) 
conjunctival response with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
epithelial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
lid disease with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
in xerophthalmia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 59) 
superficial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17 ) 
clinical examination, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
combined epithelial and subepithelial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
epithelial lesions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
ocular phenomena associated with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
patterns of morphological change in superficial cornea and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
spotty lesions, morphological classification, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Thygeson’s, corticosteroids for, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
toxic, from topical anesthetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
urate, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) See also Gout
vernal, superficial keratectomy in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
Keratophakia. See also Keratoplasty
intrastromal lens implantation and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
Keratoplasty. See also Keratoprosthesis
after conjunctival flaps, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
corneal dystrophies treated with, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in herpetic stromal keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
lamellar, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64)  (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26 ) 
advantages of, versus penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
desired correction determination in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
desired postoperative anterior corneal curvature determination in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
disadvantages of, versus penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
evolving concepts in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
historical background on, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
minimum optical zone in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
optical issues in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
postoperative corneal curvature in, limitations on, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
preharvest donor corneas for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
tissue lens parameter determinations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
tissue lens preparation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
tissue removal corneal curvature determination in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
penetrating, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26 ) 
for Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
antimicrobial prophylaxis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
astigmatism after, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
intraoperative steps for prevention, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
cataract extraction with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
contrast sensitivity testing in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
for corneal edema, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
epithelial problems after, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
examination after, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
glare testing in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
glaucoma following, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54F) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
postoperative management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
preoperative evaluation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
preoperative medications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
pressure evaluation after
prognosis for graft clarity, 2, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
rigid lens fitting after, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
piggyback fitting for flat graft, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
suture removal after, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
videokeratography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
photorefractive, myopia correction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 42) 
postoperative care for, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
surgical technique for, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
Keratoplasty after conjunctival flaps, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
Keratoprosthesis. See also Intraocular lenses
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Keratotic plaque, conjunctival, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
Keratotomy
astigmatic, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42 ) 
after cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
compression sutures, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
historical perspective, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
intersecting incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
patient selection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
radial incisions, asymmetric, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
relaxing incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
semiradial incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
transverse incisions coupled with radial keratotomy incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
radial. (See Radial keratotomy)
Ketamine
intraocular pressure effects of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Ketoconazole
efficacy and spectrum of activity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
structural formula, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
Ketoprofen. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Ketorolac. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
for allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
for cystoid macula edema, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
intraoperative, dosage and administrative of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
for vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
Kidney
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
drug excretion and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
Kidney disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31 ) 
cystic, medullary, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
oculorenal syndromes and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
vascular lesions in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
in von Hippel-Lindau disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
in Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Kidney transplantation, ocular complications, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Kimble v. Hayes et al, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) 
Kirby-Bauer method, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Kirisawa uveitis. See Retinal necrosis syndrome, acute (ARN)
Kirsch test, for angle closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Klebsiella pneumoniae, corneal ulcers, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Kleeblattschadel anomaly, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
Klippel-Feil anomaly, with Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Klippel Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
Koch-Weeks conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
Koeppe gonioscopy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
Koganei, clump cells of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
Koniocellular lateral geniculate nucleus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
Krakau tonometer, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 47) 
Krause-Kivlin syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) 
Krebs’ cycle, in lens, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Krill disease. See Epitheliitis, retinal pigment
Krupin shunt, 2–5, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
valve malfunction, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
Kryptok bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
Krypton laser, red wavelength, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
Kuhnt central meniscus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Kuhnt intermediary tissue, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 25) 
Kveim-Siltzbach test, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 37) 
Kveim test, in sarcoidosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 

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Subject Index L
Laboratory diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) See also specific diagnosis; See also specific disease; specific procedure
bacterial keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
conjunctivitis
Parinaud’s oculoglandular, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
direct observation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) 
idiopathic orbital inflammations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
orbital infections, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 34) 
preoperative culture testing, sources of postoperative endophthalmitis and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
of Sjorgren’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
superficial keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Lacerating anterior segment trauma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Lacquer cracks, in myopia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Lacrimal apparatus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13 ) 
benign tumors of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
canaliculi
abnormalities of, surgery for, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
allergic obstruction, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
cicatrizing conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
common, stenosis, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
failure of canalization, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
occlusion, postirradiation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
congenital anomalies, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
dacryoadenitis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) See also Dacryoadenitis
dacryocystography, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
dacryoscintigraphy of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
drainage system, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13 ) 
congenital obstruction, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 105 ) 
lower system blocks, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79 ) 
obstruction
after eyelid surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
congenital, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 105 ) 
problems, neonatal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
reconstruction, after tumor excision, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) See also Surgery, lacrimal drainage system
upper system blocks, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79 ) 
dye disappearance test of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
epiphora of
diagnostic techniques for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13 ) 
membranous conduit
nasolacrimal duct. (See Nasolacrimal duct)
pleomorphic adenoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
puncta of. (See Lacrimal puncta)
sac in. (See Lacrimal sac)
Schirmer’s test of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
scintigraphy. (See Dacryoscintigraphy)
silicone tissue encompassing, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
soft tissue encompassing, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
surgery, anesthesia for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Lacrimal drainage, host defenses and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Lacrimal drainage system, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
atresia of nasolacrimal duct, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
atresia of punctum, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
blockage of tear flow into nose, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
congenital abnormalities, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
congenital fistula of lacrimal sac (minimal facial fissure), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
epithelial tumors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
inflammation, dacryocystitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Lacrimal foramen, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Lacrimal fossa, lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Lacrimal glands, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 21) See also Lacrimal apparatus; (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 30)  (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2 ) 
alpha-adrenergic drug effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
biopsy, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 37) 
carcinoma. (See also Carcinoma, of lacrimal gland)
dacryoadenitis. (See Dacryoadenitisin)
diseases, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) See also specific disease
function, facial nerve and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
inflammation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
lymphoproliferative disorders, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
tear flow pathways and movements, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Lacrimal pump, physiology, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Lacrimal pump failure, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Lacrimal pump theory, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Lacrimal system, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
electrolyte secretion, mechanism of water, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
growth factors, stimulation of protein secretion by, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
lacrimal drainage system, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
parasympathetic nerves, stimulation of protein secretion by, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
regulation of secretion, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
sympathetic nerves, stimulation of protein secretion by, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
tear pump mechanism, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
Lacrimal system, eyelids and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 30) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) See also Lacrimal glands
bacterial infections, treatment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
differentiation of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Lacrimal volume and turnover, pharmacokinetics and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
Lacrimation, muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) See also Tears
anatomical considerations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
anomalous, and Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
defective, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 14) See also Tears, deficiencies
epiphora. (See Epiphorain)
gustatory-lacrimal reflex. (See Crocodile tearsin)
hypersecretion of tears
lacrimal pump failure and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Lacrosse, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
-Lactamases, extended spectrum, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
Lactation, topical -blockers and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
Lactoferrin, in tears, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Lactophenol cotton blue stain, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Lactosyl ceramidosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Lambert cosine law, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Lamellar corneoscleral incision, dissection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Lamellar ichthyosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) See also Ichtyosis; (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Lamellar keratectomy, conjunctival flap and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
Lamellar refractive keratoplasty. See Keratoplasty, lamellar
Lamellar sclerokeratectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) See also Guarded filtration procedures
Lamina cribrosa scleralis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Lamina fusca, sclera, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
Lamina vitrea. See Bruch’s membrane
Laminin, in lens of eye, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
Lamivudine, in postexposure HIV prophylaxis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
Lamps, slit. See Slit lamp
Landry ascending paralysis. See Guillain-Barre syndrome, bulbar variant
Langerhans’ cell disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
acute disseminated, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Langerhans granules, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Langhans giant cells, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
Language disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
Lanthony New Color Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Large cell lymphoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
Larval granulomatosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
Laryngospasm, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Laser contact lens, 4, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
Laser cyclodestructive surgery, in nanophthalmos, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Laser cyclotherapy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 69B) 
transscleral cyclodestruction, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
Laser indirect ophthalmoscope, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
Laser-induced anastomosis, for central retinal vein occlusion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
Laser interferometry, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Laser iridoplasty, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 69B) 
Laser microkeratome, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 46) 
Laser ophthalmoscope, scanning, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Laser photocoagulation, for macular holes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 61) 
Laser polarimetry, in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
scanning of optic disc, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 48A) 
Laser pupilloplasty, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Laser(s). See also Photocoagulation
for choroidal neovascularization, indocyanine green angiography before and after, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
delivery systems, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
Doppler velocimeter, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
excimer. (See Excimer laser)
in histoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 48) 
instrument settings, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
in keratomileusis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 46) 
for lattice retinal degeneration, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
in measuring visual acuity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 66 ) 
equipment availability, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 66) 
interference fringes in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 66) 
validation of interference test, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 66) 
Nd: YAG
capsulotomy, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 99 ) 
mechanism of action, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
in vitreolysis, in sickle cell retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
photocoagulation. (See Photocoagulationin)
prophylaxis, for choroidal neovascularization, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
in pterygium excision, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 35) 
therapy with, variables in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
trabeculoplasty. (See Trabeculoplasty, laserin)
in uveitic glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
wavelengths. (See also Laser light)
Laser suture lysis, argon laser, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
Laser therapy
corticosteroids after, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
posterior capsulotomy, effects on vitreous, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
retinal blood flow effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
retinal reattachment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Laser trabeculoplasty. See Trabeculoplasty, laser
Laser treatment for retinal tears, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 60) 
modality of treatment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 60) 
purpose of treatment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 60) 
retinal tear types, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 60) 
Laser vitreolysis, in sickle cell retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Laser weapons, ocular injury from, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
Lashes
in craniofacial syndromes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
in Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in herpes zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
host defense mechanisms, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
hypertrichosis, in HIV infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
irritation from, lacrimal disorders related to, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
loss, eyelid trauma and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
in staphylococcal lid infections, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
trichiasis of. (See Trichiasis)
LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis), (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) See Laser in situ keratomileusis
Lasix. See Furosemide
Latanoprost, intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Latanoprost (Xalatan)
additivity with other drugs, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Late infantile/juvenile gangliosidosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Late infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Latency, herpes simplex virus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
Latency-associated transcripts (LATs), herpes simplex virus and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 89) 
Latent nystagmus, 38
Latent nystagmus, congenital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Lateral anterior orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
Lateral canthal ligament, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Lateral canthal tendon, eyelid anatomy and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
Lateral canthopexy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Lateral canthus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
bacterial infection, treatment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Lateral commissure, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Lateral inhibition, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
color perception and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Lateral medullary syndrome. see Wallenberg syndrome
Lateral orbital rim, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
Lateral orbitotomy. see Orbitotomy, lateral
Lateral palpebral artery, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Lateral retinaculum, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Lateral tarsorrhaphy, therapeutic hydrogel lenses and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
Latex agglutination, in viral infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
Lathe cutting, contact lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Lathing procedures, limitations of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
Latitude of beam placement, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
LATs. See Latency-associated transcripts (LATs)
LATS (long-acting thyroid stimulator), in Graves’ disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Lattice degeneration of retina, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 26 ) 
in pigmentary glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Laurence-Moon-Bardt-Biedl syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 24) 
Laurence-Moon syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Lavage, corneal, with antibiotics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Law of diminishing marginal utility, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
LCAT deficiency, familial. see Lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency, familial
LE. See Lupus erythematosus
Learning, systemic conditions affecting, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
Learning disabilities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
legal rights of children with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
ophthalmologist’s role, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
ophthalmologist’s role in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
Learning disability, dyslexia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Leber disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
atrophy of optic nerve in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
hereditary pattern of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
spontaneous recovery from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Leber miliary aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Leber optic neuropathy
cat-scratch disease and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 58) 
Leber stellate maculopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Lectins, fluoresceinated, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Lefler-Wadsworth-Sidbury dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Le Fort I fracture, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
Le Fort II fracture, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
Le Fort III fracture, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
Legal issues
dispenser of eye safety equipment, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
patient informed consent
in clinical research protocol, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 66) 
in eyelid trauma repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Leiomyoma, vascular, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Leishmania brasiliensis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Leishmania tropica, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Lens cell homeostasis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Lensectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) See also Cataract, surgery
advantages and disadvantages of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
pars plana approach, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
combined with vitrectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
in phakic patients, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
in proliferative vitreoretinopathy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
Lens epithelial cell apoptosis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Lens epithelial cell homeostasis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Lens epithelial cells, (1): 71A: 12–13
Lens epithelial decompensation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Lens(es)., (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 12) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) See also Cataract(s) See also Lens of eye; specific lens
Abraham iridotomy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 62) 
anterior surface of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
aspheric, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 42) See also Aspheric lenses
Barkan goniotomy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 62) 
bifocal. (See Bifocals)
cataract. (See under Cataract)
communication between cells, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
contact. (See Contact lenses)
corneal contact. (See Contact lenses, corneal)
corrective. (See Contact lenses; Implants; Spectacle lenses)
design of, for indirect ophthalmoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
dislocation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
phacomorphic glaucoma secondary to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 19) 
ectopic. (See Ectopia lentis)
Executive bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
Flat-top bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
focus and accommodation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Fresnel. (See Fresnel optics)
gradient method, for AC/A determinations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
in herpes zoster ophthalmicus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
hydrophilic. (See Contact lenses, soft)
intraocular. (See Intraocular lenses)
Kryptok bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
for laser iridotomy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 62) 
Menicon Plateau, for postradial keratotomy fitting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
Morgan Therapeutic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
multifocal. (See Multifocal lenses)
multifocal intraocular. (See Multifocal intraocular lenses)
opacities, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) See also Cataract(s)
in myotonic dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
painted, therapeutic uses of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) 
in Peters anomaly, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
posterior surface of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
progressive addition, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 42) 
radius of curvature of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
Schnaitmann’s bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
sequelae of nongranulomatous inflammation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
shape, and fabrication, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
spectacle. (See Spectacle lenses)
subluxation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
phacomorphic glaucoma secondary to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 19) 
toric. (See Toric lenses)
toxic effects of light on, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
transparency, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
congenital anomalies involving, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
ultrasonography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
wavelength of light and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
zonule of. (See Zonular apparatus)
Lens fiber cell-to-cell fusion, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Lens-induced glaucomas, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Lens-induced secondary angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Lens-induced uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 41 ) 
clinical manifestations of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
differential diagnosis of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
intraocular lens-related inflammations and localized endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 41) 
pathologic features of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 41) 
phacogenic nongranulomatous, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 41) 
phacolytic glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 41) 
Lens in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Lens manifestations of gastrointestinal disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Zellweger syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Lensmeters, in calculation of surgically induced change in corneal power, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Lens of eye
in accommodation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
age-related changes in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
in Alport’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
anterior segment size versus, angle-closure glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
aspiration of material, in cataract surgery, pediatric, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in autosomal dominant neonatal jaundice syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
calcium, cytoplasmic, regulation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
capsule of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
exfoliation of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) See also Exfoliation syndrome, true
pigment deposition on, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
thickness variations in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
cataracts of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) See also Cataract
chloride conductance in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
core of, radii of surfaces of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
corneal lacerations involving, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
cortex of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
radii of surfaces of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
refractive index of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
crystalline fragments of, perfluorocarbon liquids and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 54) 
dehiscence, epikeratophakia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 103) 
diabetic vitrectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 57) 
dislocated. (See Ectopia lentis)
displacement. (See also Lens of eye, retained material after surgery)
in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
electrical coupling in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
electrolyte composition of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
endophthalmitis treatment and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
epithelium of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
decompensation, in age-related cataract, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
extracellular matrix, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
extraction of, in malignant glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
in Fabry’s disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
fetal Y sutures of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
fiber elongation in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
fiber-fiber cell coupling in, (1).72A: 2–4
focal length variability, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71B) 
gastrointestinal disorders involving, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
growth factors and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
intercellular communication in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
intracellular communication in, pH and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
iris interaction with, relative pupillary block and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
light scattering in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
membrane conductance, pH and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
metabolic coupling in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
metabolism in, in cataracts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
as minus blue filter, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
normal, light scattering in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
opacities, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) See also Cataract
during diabetic vitrectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 57) 
optical quality of, sutures and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
oxidative damage to, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
permeability properties, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
physiology, sutures and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
physiology of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A ) 
epithelial-fiber interface and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
position of anterior and posterior surfaces, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
posterior capsule opacification, pediatric cataract surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
potassium in
primary fiber formation of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
protection against, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
radiation protection, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
refractive index of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
retained material after surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 65 ) 
immunopathology of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 65) 
management, by cataract surgeon, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 65) 
postoperative evaluation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 65) 
Scheimpflug photographs, densitometry of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
secondary fiber formation of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
sodium in
spherical. (See Weil-Marchesani syndrome)
subluxation, in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
sutural development as function of age, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71B ) 
thickness, in angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
ultrastructure of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
in Zellweger’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
zones of discontinuity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71B) 
zonular fibers of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
Lens particle glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Lens sutures, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
lens optical quality and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
lens physiology and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
star sutures of juvenile and adult nuclei and cortex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Y suture of fetal nucleus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
zones of discontinuity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Lentigines, cutaneous, syndrome of ocular albinism and congenital sensorineural hearing loss and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Lenz microphthalmia, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) 
Leproid leishmaniasis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Leser-Trelat sign, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Lester sign of iris, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Letter recognition, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Leukeran. See Chlorambucil
Leukocytes, polymorphonuclear, in uveitis, 3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
polymorphonuclear (PMNs), inflammation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 42) 
in rheumatoid arthritis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
Leukotrienes, in inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Levallorphan, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Levator aponeurosis repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Levator marginal tenotomy, mullerectomy and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 81) 
Levetiracetam, in migraine prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Levobunolol (Betagan); , (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Levocabastine, for allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
LGN. See Lateral geniculate nucleus
Liaison Committee of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology (AAOO), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Library screening, genomic libraries and, cDNA libraries and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19A) 
Lice infestation
rickettsial disease associated with, 2, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 58) 
Lichen planus, conjunctival, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Lid, periorbital manifestations of systemic diseases, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Lidocaine
intraoperative dosage and administration of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
neuroprotection of axons and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
topical anesthesia, phacoemulsification, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Lid(s), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 1See also Skin) 
abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 73 ) 
affecting lacrimal drainage, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
after reoperation of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 98) 
bacterial conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
aging and disease states, (2): 1 9–12
akinesia, during surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
alpha-adrenergic drug effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
avulsion defects, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
bacterial flora, normal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
bacterial infections, treatment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
bacterial specimens, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
blepharoptosis. (See also Blepharoptosis; Ptosis)
contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
correction, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 104 ) 
canthal tendons. (See Canthal tendons)
carcinoma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3 ) 
Merkel cell, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
sebaceous cell, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
squamous cell, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
in renal transplant patients, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
clostridial infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
closure
as risk factor with contact lenses, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
coloboma
in Goldenhar’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in mandibulofacial dysostosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
contact lens complications involving, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
craniofacial anomalies and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in craniofacial syndromes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
crease
abnormalities, postoperative, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
orbitotomy incision in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
reformation in blepharoplasty, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
cultures, herpes simplex virus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
ecchymosis, pediatric orbital disorders causing, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
ectropion, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 73) See also Ectropion
entropion. (See Entropion)
epicanthus. (See Epicanthus)
fold, abnormalities, postoperative, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
follicular keratosis, inverted, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
fungi, normal flora, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
gastrointestinal disorders involving, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
gravitational lines, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
hemangiomas, corticosteroids in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
in herpes simplex, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
host defense mechanisms, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
in hydroa vacciniforme, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
infection of. (See Blepharitis; Cellulitis)
inflammation of. (See Blepharitis)
inflammatory lesions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3 ) 
intradermal tattoos, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
keratoacanthoma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
in renal transplant patients, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
keratoacanthoma of, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
lacrimal drainage system disorders and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
lacrimal portion of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
lateral canthal tendon, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
lateral commissure, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
laxity
enucleation and, surgical repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
horizontal, repair, lower lid blepharoplasty combined with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
lacrimal drainage and, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
lower
laxity, enucleation and, surgical repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
retraction, surgical correction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 81) 
malposition of, orbital disease and, (2); 22: 4
margin, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
abnormalities affecting lacrimal drainage, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
defects, repair, flaps for, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88 ) 
rotation, anophthalmic socket and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
medial canthal tendon, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
medial commissure, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
metastatic cancer to, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 34) 
muscles
surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
nevus flammeus (port-wine stain), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
normal measurements, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
opening of
apraxis of, ptosis versus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
disorders of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
in progressive supranuclear palsy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
orbicularis oculi muscle, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
orbital septum and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
pagetoid involvement, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
palpebral creases, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
palpebral fissure, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
papilloma of, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
parasympathetic nerve supply, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
ptosis. (See Ptosis)
punctate keratopathy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
sarcoma of, Kaposi’s, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
seborrheic keratosis of, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
superficial blood supply, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
superior eyelid sulcus defect, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
superior orbital sulcus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
surface topography, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) See also Surgery, of eyelids
suspensory system, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
sympathetic nerve supply, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
systemic disease manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
in telecanthus, surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
trauma, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75 ) 
anatomic considerations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
clinical evaluation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
eyebrow loss and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
eyelash loss and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
infection, prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
laboratory evaluation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
lacerations in
periorbital and eyebrow, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
management of. (See also Lid(s), trauma, surgical repair)
of avulsion defects, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
of avulsion flaps, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
of injuries not involving margin, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
of intradermal tattoos, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
patient assessment, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
radiologic evaluation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
surgical repair. (See also Lid(s), trauma, management of; Reconstructive surgery, of eyelids)
canthal position abnormalities after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
cicatricial entropion after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
coagulation status and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
crease and fold abnormalities after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
dermabrasion after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
foreign bodies and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
general considerations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
informed consent, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
lagophthalmos after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
of levator aponeurosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
medications after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
obstructions after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
of orbicularis muscle, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
of orbital septum, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
patient preparation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
postoperative care, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
ptosis after, repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
retraction after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
scar management for, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
skin grafting after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
suture tarsorrhaphy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
tissue conversation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
tissue flaps after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
tissue necrosis after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
tissue repositioning, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
trichiasis after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
wound hygiene and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
ulcers of, staphylococcal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
upper
mass, contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
retraction, surgical correction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 81) 
vertical split superior orbitotomy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) See also Orbitotomy
Life-belt cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Life expectancy, estimation of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Ligament of Zinn. See Zonular apparatus
Ligaments
inferior, of Schwalbe, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) See also Schwalbe’s line
Ligamentum hyaloideocapsulare, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Ligamentum pectinatum anguli iridocornealis. See Trabecular meshwork
Ligamentum pectinatum iridis. See Trabecular meshwork
Light, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) See also Physical optics; (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15 ) 
adaptation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 16 ) 
increment thresholds, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
relationship to perimetry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
spatial influences, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
temporal frequency dependence of effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
amplification, by stimulated emission of radiation. (See Laser light; Laser(s))
antireflection coatings, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Aristotle’s ether theory, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
atomic structure, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
blue, lens fluorescence induced by, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
diffraction effects, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
dispersion. (See Dispersion of light)
emergent, in retinoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 37 ) 
exposure to, cataract risk with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
Fresnel’s ether theory, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Huygens’ theory, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
incident, in retinoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 37 ) 
injury from. (See Light toxicity)
laser. (See Laser light)
laser interferometry, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
luminance and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) See also Luminance
luminous efficiency and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Maxwell’s equations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
measurement of. (See Photometry)
Newton’s theory, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Planck’s constant, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
polarization phenomena, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
corneal birefringence, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Haidinger brushes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
properties
effect on pupil movement, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
pupillary reaction to. (See Pupil of eye, light reflex)
retinal blood flow and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
ultraviolet. (See Ultraviolet radiation)
Light-chain disease, ocular findings in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Light energy retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Light filters for lenses, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
Light-headedness, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
Light-induced retinal damage, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Light microscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
enzyme-conjugated stains, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
hematoxylin, eosin staining, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
periodic acid-Schiff staining, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
trichrome staining, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Light microscopy. See also Microscopy
Light-near dissociation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Lightness Discrimination Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Lightning, cataract due to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Light rays. See Ray(s)
Light reflex, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9 ) 
ciliary ganglion and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
ganglion cell input and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
general considerations, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
integration
at Edinger-Westphal nucleus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
parasympathetic preganglionic pupilloconstrictor neurons and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
properties of light and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
relative afferent pupillary defect and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
rod and cone photoreceptor input and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Light reflex pathway, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Light sensitivity
as complication of rectus muscle surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83) 
Light stress test. See Photostress test
Light toxicity
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
cystoid macular edema and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
operating microscope maculopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
pathologic findings, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
in posterior segment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37 ) 
protective mechanisms, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
retinal damage
from operating microscope, following IOL implantation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
retinopathy of prematurity and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
solar retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
vitrectomy-related, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
welder’s maculopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
Lignac-Fanconi syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Ligneous conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Limbal approach
in anterior chamber paracentesis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
in rectus muscle surgery
recession procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83 ) 
resection procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83 ) 
Limbal clot expression, in traumatic hyphema, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Limbal dermoid, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
Limbal girdle, white, of Vogt, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Limbal girdle of Vogt, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Limbal relaxing incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 12) 
Limbal stem cells
deficiency of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
conjunctival limbal autograft for, 6, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
ex vivo limbal stem cell expansion for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
keratolimbal allograft transplant for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
living-related conjunctival limbal allograft transplant for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
ocular surface diseases with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
ex vivo expansion of, for limbal stem cell deficiency, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
Limbal structures
Limbal transplant
allograft, living-related, for limbal stem cell deficiency, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
autograft, for limbal stem cell deficiency, 6, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
Limbal transplantation
autograft, pterygium and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 35) 
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Limbal vasculitis, in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
Limbal vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9L) 
Limbic keratoconjunctivitis, superior, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
Limbus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
cautery, pterygium and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 35) 
radial keratotomy incisions crossing, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
vernal keratoconjunctivitis involving, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 50) 
Limulus lysate assay, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Limulus lysate assay, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Lindau disease. See Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Linear IgA disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Linear keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) 
Linkage analysis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19A Chapter(3)55) 
example of, autosomal dominant disease linked to marker, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19A) 
positional cloning and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Linkage disequilibrium, HLA antigens and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Lipemia retinalis, in hyperlipoproteinemias, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Lipid degeneration, corneal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Lipid histiocytosis, essential, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Lipid metabolism, in lens, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Lipid(s)
metabolism disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) See also specific disorders
familial lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Farber lipogranulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 119) 
globoid cell leukodystrophy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
hyperlipoproteinemias, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
lipoid proteinosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
metachromatic leukodystrophy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
multiple sulfatase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
in Schnyder’s hereditary crystalline dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
secondary lipid keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
steroid sulfatase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
plasma, normal range, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
retinal accumulation, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
serum, topical -blocker effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
serum levels, diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
Lipids secreted by meibomian glands, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Lipodermoid tumors, in Goldenhar syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Lipodystrophy, intestinal. See Whipple’s disease
Lipofuchsin
in retinal pigment epithelium, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
Lipofuscin
in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Lipofuscin granules, in retinal pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
Lipogranulomatosis, Farber, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) See Farber disease
Lipoid proteinosis, lid and periorbital manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Lipomucopolysaccharidosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Lipoprotein disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Lipoxygenase pathway, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Lipoxygenase products, in inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Liquefaction, vitreous, (nonaging), (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
collagen metabolism, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
diabetic vitreopathy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Listeria monocytogenes, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
Listing schematic eye, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Lithium carbonate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Livedo reticularis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Liver
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
disease
platelet dysfunction in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
vitamin A deficiency and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
drug excretion and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
NSAID toxicity and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
LMXIB gene, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 50) 
Local anesthetics
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
topical
ocular toxicity, 4, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Localization in fundus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Localized endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 41 ) 
Local metabolite theory of autoregulation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Local-sign hypothesis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Locus (gene), defined, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
Lodoxamide
for allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
for atopic dermatitis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Loffler methylene blue stain, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
LogMAR (logarithmic minimum angle of resolution) scale, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), in Graves’ disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-COA dehydrogenase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Longitudinal horopter, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) See also Horopter
Long-term thyroid stimulator, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Lotze local signs, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Low-affinity choline uptake system, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Lowe (oculocerebrorenal) syndrome, cataract from, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Lowe syndrome. See Oculocerebrorenal syndrome
Low vision, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 46) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) See also Blindness
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
after tube shunt surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
aids for, video-based, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 46A ) 
aspheric spectacle lenses for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) 
evaluation of patients, pediatric, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Fresnel lenses for near magnification in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
in ophthalmic artery aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
in optic nerve gliomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 42) 
rehabilitation, historical perspective on, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
in Sturge-Weber syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) 
transient. (See Transient obscurations of vision)
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), ocular toxicity/teratogenicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
Lucio phenomenon, in leprosy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 63) 
Luckiesch-Taylor photometer, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Lues. See Syphilis
Luetic disorders. See Syphilis
Luetic neuroretinitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
Lumbar puncture
in pseudotumor cerebri, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Lumen of Coquet canal, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
Luminance, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) See also Illumination
acuity tests and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
background, in perimetric testing, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
difference thresholds, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Luminous efficiency, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Luminous intensity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Lummer-Brodhun photometer, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Lung cancer, optic nerve metastases from, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
Lung disease
Churg-Strauss syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
lymphomatoid granulomatosis. (See Lymphomatoid granulomatosis)
in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
Wegener’s granulomatosis. (See Wegener’s granulomatosis)
Lupus erythematosus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Lupus erythematosus (LE), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
discoid, cornea in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
lid and periorbital manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
systemic. (See Systemic lupus erythematosus)
Lupus vulgaris, eyelids, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 58) 
Luteium texaphyrin (Lu-Tex), for choroidal neovascularization, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
Lutz posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Lyell disease (toxic epidermal necrolysis), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) See also Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Lyme borreliosis
laboratory diagnosis of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 70) 
ocular manifestations of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 70) 
pathophysiology of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 70) 
polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 70) 
Lyme disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 32) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
animal hosts and vectors, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
causative organism, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33) 
clinical manifestations, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
conjunctivitis in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
disseminated infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
eye movements in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
facial paralysis in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
genetic risk factors, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
localized infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
optic manifestations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33) 
optic neuropathies and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
persistent infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
Lymphadenopathy
massive, sinus histiocytosis with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
in toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Lymphatic drainage, sclera, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
Lymphatic system, eyelid anatomy and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72) 
Lymph drainage, orbital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 21) 
Lymphocyte microtoxicity assay, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Lymphocyte(s). See also B cells; T cells
B and T cells. (See also B lymphocytes; T lymphocytes)
CD4; pl, in progressive outer retinal necrosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
in cytologic examination, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Lymphocytic hypophysitis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Lymphocytic vasculitis theory of progressive hemifacial atrophy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Lymphoepithelial lesions, benign. See also Mikulicz’s syndrome
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Parinaud’s conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
Lymphoid hyperplasia, reactive, conjunctival, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Lymphokine-activated killer cells, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Lymphokines. See also specific type
in corneal graft rejection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Lymphoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
in ataxia-telangiectasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
Burkitt’s, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
proptosis with, (2); 27: 8
cell surface markers, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
cutaneous, in HIV infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
histiocytic. (See Sarcoma, reticulum cell)
in HIV-infected (AIDS) patients, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Hodgkin’s. (See Hodgkin’s disease)
intraocular, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) See also Sarcoma, reticulum cell
intermediate uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
large cell, acute retinal necrosis syndrome versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
optic nerve involvement, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
optic neuropathy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
reticulum cell, orbital malignancies and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
reticulum cell sarcoma versus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
systemic, clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
T cell, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
acute retinal necrosis syndrome versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
therapeutic advances, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
of vitreous, in renal transplant patients, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
laboratory findings, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
ocular manifestations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
systemic manifestations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
Lymphoproliferative disorders. See specific disorders
Lymphoproliferative tumors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
Lymphoreticulosis, benign inoculation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ocular toxicity/teratogenicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
Lysine deficiency, correction, in gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
Lysosomal storage diseases, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) See also specific diseases
mucopolysaccharidoses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Lysosomal storage diseases, with gastrointestinal disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Lysozyme, in tears, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Lysozyme assays, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 37) 

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