Subject Index

AB C DEF GHI JKL MNO PQRS TUV WXYZ

Click on a letter to get an alphabetic listing of Subjects.

Numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion of a topic.

Please also note that due to the impressive size of this index it was necessary to break it down in to smaller groups. The Alphabet above will take you to any letter you please and the grouping of letters is indicated by spaces between the letters.

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Subject Index A
A and N series, for letter size, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
A and V patterns, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 16 ) 
muscle transposition for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
oblique muscles in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
inferior oblique muscle surgery in V-pattern strabismus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 87) 
superior oblique muscle surgery in A-pattern strabismus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 86) 
rectus muscles in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
AAO and ACOEM Joint Policy of Wearing Contact Lenses in the Workplace, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Abducens motoneurons, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Aberrometry, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 70) 
outgoing vs. ingoing, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 70) 
series and parallel measurements, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 70) 
Abiotrophies, retinal, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Ablation
corneal, excimer laser, videokeratography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
retinal, in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Ablepharia. See Cryptophthalmos
Abney effect, color perception and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Abnormal retinal correspondence in strabismus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Abraham iridectomy lens, 3, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
Abraham iridotomy lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 62) 
Abscess
in preseptal cellulitis, post-traumatic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
ring, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
suture, antimicrobial prophylaxis for, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
vitreoretinal, Toxacara canis, vitrectomy for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 56) 
vitreous, malignant-like glaucoma in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Acanthamoeba, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
antimicrobial prophylaxis, corneal abrasions and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
clinical manifestations, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
contact lenses and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 80) 
diagnosis and laboratory evaluation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
fungal, amphotericin B for, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
medical indications, keratitis in populations with, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
metabolism and excretion, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
morphology and life cycle, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
mucosal immunity and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
nonkeratitic ocular disease in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
NSAIDs versus, relative toxicity of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
for optic neuritis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
oral administration, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
oxygen transmissibility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
pathogenic organisms and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 80) 
planned replacement soft, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
postoperative, NSAIDs and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
rigid gas-permeable, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
side effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31 ) 
in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
in long-term therapy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
silicone hydrogel extended wear, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
sources, postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
in staphylococcal infections, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
surface tension and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
in thyroid ophthalmopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
topical, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
relative toxicity of NSAIDs and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
transplantation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 25) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Study and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
viral
contact lenses and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
corticosteroids and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
cytologic diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
electron microscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
granulomatous inflammations caused by, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
herpes simplex. (See Herpes simplex virus)
herpes zoster. (See Varicella-zoster virus (VZV))
host defenses and immune responses, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 98 ) 
human papillomavirus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 95 ) 
immunocytochemistry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
immunopathogenesis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 85) 
molluscum contagiosum, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 95 ) 
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome following, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
serologic diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
of viral diseases
in viral infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) 
varicella-zoster virus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 94) 
Acantholytic dyskeratosis, with corps ronds, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Acceleration injuries, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Accommodation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
in angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
ciliary muscle action during, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20) 
historical perspective, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
lens changes during, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
lens function in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
phosphenes created by, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
ratio to accommodative convergence (AC/A), (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) See also Accommodative convergence, ratio to accommodation (AC/A)
spectacle prescribing and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
vergence system and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Accommodative effort syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Accommodative esotropia
direct-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
indirect-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
muscarinic agonists in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Accommodative micropsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Accommodative target, in cover test, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
ACE. See Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Acetaminophen
intraoperative, dosage and administration of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Acetanilid, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Acetazolamide, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) See also Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
additivity with other ocular hypotensives, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
after orbital surgery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
contraindications to, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
drug interactions with, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
for glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
dosage and administration of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
surgery, and suprachoroidal hemorrhage prevention, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
interaction with anesthetics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
pediatric dosage and administration of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
in pseudotumor cerebri, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in retinal artery occlusion, central, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Acetohexamide, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Acetylcholine
in corneal epithelium, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
for glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
dosage and administration of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
ocular cholinergic systems and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
ocular effects of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Acetylcholine receptors, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Acetylcholinesterase
ocular cholinergic systems and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Acetylcysteine
as collagenase inhibitor, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
Achiasma, nystagmus in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Acholeplasma laidlawii, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 59) 
Acholeplasma oculi, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 59) 
Acid injuries. See Chemical injuries
Acid sphingomyelinase, deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Acquired heart disease, ocular abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
Acquired immunodeficiency diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 40 ) 
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). See also Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS
conjunctival flora in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
conjunctival microvasculopathy in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
contact lenses and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
facial nerve lesions in, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
glaucoma in, angle-closure, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
human papillomavirus in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 95) 
keratoconjunctivitis sicca in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
mollicute infections in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 59) 
neuro-ophthalmic findings, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
ocular infections associated with, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 82 ) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
opportunistic infections in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) 
orbital involvement, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
parasitic infections in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
preseptal cellulitis in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
retinal microvasculopathy in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
retinal vessel occlusion in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
squamous cell carcinoma in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Acquired muscle disease, ocular manifestations of. See Ocular manifestations of acquired muscle disease
Acquired myogenic ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Acquired neurogenic ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Acquired ocular findings in congenital heart disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, in Lyme disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
Acrodermatitis enteropathica, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Acromegaly, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
thyroid orbitopathy versus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 69) 
Acroparesthesia, in Fabry disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Acro-renal-ocular syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Acrylic glistening, (Foundations Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
Acrylics for lenses
flexible hydrophilic acrylic polymers, (Foundations Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
flexible hydrophobic acrylic polymers, (Foundations Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
Actin filaments, aqueous outflow facility, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Actinomyces pyogenes, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
Actinomycin D. See Dactinomycin
Action potentials, optic nerve and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 21) 
Activated protein C, functional resistance to, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Acuity. See Visual acuity
Acuity card procedure, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
Acupuncture, in retinal artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Acute idiopathic polyneuritis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Acute multifocal hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
Acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
fluorescein angiography of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
indocyanine green angiography of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). See Placoid pigment epitheliopathy, acute posterior multifocal
Acute retinal necrosis syndrome. See Retinal necrosis syndrome, acute (ARN), Necrosis, retinal
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathies (AZOOR), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Acyanotic congenital heart disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
Acyclovir (acycloguanosine), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 100) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
for acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
in cytomegalovirus infection, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
in Epstein-Barr virus infection, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
in herpes simplex infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
atopic dermatitis and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
erythema multiforme, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
ophthalmia neonatorum, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
for herpes simplex virus infection, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
for herpes simplex virus keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
in herpes zoster infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
intravitreal, for progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
penetration and pharmacokinetics, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 100) 
for progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
for varicella-zoster virus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 94) 
for zoster uveitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
ADA. See Americans with Disabilities Act
Adaptive optics, ophthalmoscopy and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Adaptometry, dark
in autosomal dominant fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in familial foveal retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in pericentral rod-cone dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in progressive cone-rod dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Adenine arabinoside (Ara-A, vidarabine), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
Adenohypophysitis, lymphocytic, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Adenoid cystic carcinoma. See Carcinoma(s), adenoid cystic
of sinuses and nasopharynx, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
Adenoma sebaceum, in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) 
Adenomatous polyposis coli, familial, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Adenomectomy, “medical”, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Adenosine monophosphate, intramuscular, in postherpetic neuralgia management, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
Adenosine triphosphatase
sodium-potassium, aqueous humor formation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Adenosine triphosphate
corneal glucose metabolism and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Adenovirus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 85) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 96 ) 
follicular conjunctival reaction in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
genome structure and gene expression, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 96) 
immunopathogenesis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 85) 
keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
molecular biology of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 96) 
preseptal cellulitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
structure of virus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 96) 
transmission, prevention, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 96) 
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 96) 
Adherence, of bacteria, to corneal surface, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 42) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
Adhesion molecules. See Cell adhesion molecules
Adhesive syndrome, postoperative, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 17) 
Adie syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
direct-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
indirect-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
third nerve palsy versus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Adnexa, metastatic cancer to. See Metastatic cancer to eye and adnexa
Adnexal clefts, regional classification, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
Adnexal manifestations of HIV infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Adnexal surface infections, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 40) 
Adnexal tumors, of skin
Adrenal corticosteroids, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Adrenal disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21 ) 
Adrenal gland. See Corticosteroids
Adrenaline. See Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Adrenergic agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) See also Alpha–agonists; Alpha–antagonists; Beta–adrenergic antagonists; specific drugs
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
side effects of, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Adrenergic agonists. See also Epinephrine (adrenaline)
aqueous humor formation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Adrenergic blockers, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Adrenergic receptors, and glaucoma treatment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Adsorbocarpine. See Pilocarpine
Adult/chronic gangliosidosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Adult inclusion conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 77) 
Adult neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Advanced cataracts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Adverse effects. See also specific agents
of depolarizing nicotinic antagonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
of direct-acting muscarinic agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
of indirect-acting muscarinic agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Aeromonas hydrophila, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Afferent system, anatomy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
visual association areas and interhemispheric connections, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Afterimages, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 4) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) See also Entoptic imagery
color perception and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
exaggeration, in palinopsia, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Agammaglobulinemia, X-linked, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 40) 
Age/aging, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
acute retinal necrosis syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
aqueous humor formation and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
and automated perimetry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
bacterial conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
blue light-induced fluorescence and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
cataract and. (See Cataract, age-related)
changes in extraocular muscles with, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
choroidal changes and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Churg-Strauss syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
corticosteroid complications and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
diabetic retinopathy risk and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
erythrocyte sedimentation rate and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
glaucoma and
idiopathic vitritis related to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
lacrimal gland disorders and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
and lens dimensions, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
lens nuclear changes and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71B) 
lens sutural development and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71B) 
lymphomatoid granulomatosis and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
macular degeneration and
blindness in, 5–7, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 53) 
choroidal degeneration and atrophy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
indocyanine green angiography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
light toxicity and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
macular degeneration related to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
molecular genetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
and ocular infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
ocular trauma and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
oral medications and, bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
orbital septum and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
photoreceptor cell changes, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
presbyopia onset and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
pupillary size and reactivity, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
retinal
retinal artery obstruction and, central, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
retinal changes and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
retinal pigment epithelium, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
thyroid orbitopathy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
topical medications and, bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
visual evoked potential, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 105) 
Age-related anatomic cataract types, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Age-related macular degeneration
photodynamic therapy for, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
Age-related vitreous degeneration, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
biochemical changes, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
posterior vitreous detachment, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
precortical pocket, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
structural changes, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
vitreoretinal interface changes, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Aging nuclear fibers, lens and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Agonist-antagonist relationships of extraocular muscles, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
AIDS. See HIV/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Air, oral medications and, bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Air guns, eye injuries from, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Airsoft, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Air travel, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
Airway management, intraoperative, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Airy cylindric lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Akinesia
anatomic perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
eyelids, during surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for intracapsular cataract extraction, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
parabulbar (subTenon’s) anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Alagille syndrome
peripheral corneal changes in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Albendazole, for microsporidiosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
Albers-Schoonberg disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Albinism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38)  (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54A) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
in Aland Island disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
autosomal-recessive OA, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Chediak-Higashi’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
classification, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
congenital nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
cross-McKusick-Breen’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
electroretinography, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Elejalde’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
in Forsius-Eriksson syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Griscelli’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Hermansky-Pudlak’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
light-induced retinal damage, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
light scattering, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
macular hypoplasia, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
management of patients with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
melanin formation, biochemistry of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
melanocytes and melanin in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
melanogenesis, genetics of disorders of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
molecular genetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
molecular genetic testing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
nettleship-falls X-linked OA, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
ocular, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38 ) 
autosomal recessive, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
syndrome of congenital sensorineural hearing loss and cutaneous lentigines and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
X-linked, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
choroideremia versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
with late-onset sensorineural deafness, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
ocular coherence tomography, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
optic nerve fibers, abnormal decussation of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
rufous OCA (Xanthism), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
systemic disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
temperature-sensitive albinism, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
tyrosinase-negative OCA (OCA1), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
tyrosinase-positive OCA (OCA2), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
visual impairment in, pathophysiology, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
visual system manifestations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Waardenburg-like syndrome of Bard, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Waardenburg’s syndrome, types I, II, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
X-linked OA with late-onset sensorineural deafness, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Albinism-hemorrhagic diathesis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Albright syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Albumin, in cornea, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
Alcohol
in blood, and esophoria for distance fixation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Alcoholism
amblyopia from, with vitamin deficiencies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Aldose reductase, diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
Aldose reductase pathway, diabetes mellitus and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
Alhazen theories, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
“Alice in Wonderland” syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Alignment of eyes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) See also Position of eyes
preferred position, adjustable-suture strabismus surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 88) 
unsatisfactory
horizontal, A and V patterns and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
persistent, after reoperation of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 98) 
sixth nerve palsy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
Alkali injuries. See Chemical injuries
Alkaline phosphatase, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Alkane liquids, semiflouroninated. See Semiflouroninated alkane liquids
Alkylating agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
effects on immune system, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
effects on ocular inflammatory disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
immunosuppression using, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
Allelic polymorphism, HLA antigens and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Allergic conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
seasonal, NSAIDs for, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
Allergic contact dermatitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
Allergic diseases
Allergic sino-orbital aspergillosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Allergy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 34) See also Hypersensitivity; Immunology, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34 ) 
antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
atopic keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) See also Atopic dermatitis; Atopic keratoconjunctivitisin
canalicular obstruction in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
classic hypersensitivity reactions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
of conjunctiva, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) See also Conjunctivitis
contact lenses and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
contact lenses and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
cytotoxic antibody and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
delayed-type (cell-mediated), in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
in fungal sinusitis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
immune complexes in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
immune mechanisms in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
immune system in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) See also Immune response; Immunology
to local anesthetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
microbioallergic disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
ocular, tear mediators in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
to phenylephrine eye drops, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
rhinitis, in children
upper respiratory tract infection versus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
rhinoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
soft contact lens solution, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
vasculitis, scleritis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Alloplastic materials, in lid reconstruction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
All-terrain vehicles, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Almotriptan, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Alpha-agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29 ) 
catecholamine systems and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
effect on aqueous humor, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
effect on ciliary body, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
effect on conjunctiva, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
effect on lacrimal fluid, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
effect on lacrimal secretion, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
intraocular pressure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
intraocular pressure with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
ocular pharmacology
systemic side effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
topical -blocker interaction with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
Alpha-2 agonists, in uveitic glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
Alpha-fetoprotein P X-tra/triple screen test, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Alpha-fetoprotein tetra/quad screen, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Alpha-2 selective antagonists
side effects in children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Alternate cover test
for afferent pupil defect, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
in dissociated strabismus complex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
Altitude
eye injuries related to, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Aluminum nicotinate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. See Rhabdomyosarcoma
Alzheimer disease
diagnosis, pupillary drug testing in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
saccadic velocity in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
Amaurosis, See Blindness
color Doppler imaging, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 102) 
Amaurotic familial idiocy, juvenile, retinal changes in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Amblyopia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10 ) 
accommodation in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
in accommodative esodeviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
atropinization in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
binocular fixation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
in Brown syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
characteristics of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
contact lenses in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
craniofacial anomalies and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in craniofacial syndromes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Duane retraction syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
eccentric fixation in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
electrophysiology, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
electroretinogram in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
esotropic, congenital, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 54) 
Fresnel prisms in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52) 
light levels and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
monocular fixation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
muscarinic antagonists in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
optical blur in treatment, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
potential pharmacologic treatment of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
public health impact, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 54) 
pupillary light reflex (reaction) in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
recurrence, prevention of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
red filter therapy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
relative afferent pupillary defect in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
spatial discrimination in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
spectacle lenses in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
stimulus deprivation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 54) 
in straight-eyed patient, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
tobacco-alcohol, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
treatment, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11 ) 
in craniofacial syndromes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
developmental glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
effectiveness and availability, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 54) 
vitreous surgery, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 72) 
types and natural history, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 54) 
visual evoked potential in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
in vitelliform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Amblyoscope, major, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
for fusional convergence amplitude, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
for fusional divergence amplitude, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
for vertical fusional vergence amplitude, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
Amebic keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) See also Acanthamoeba keratitis
Ameboid ulcer, in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
American leishmaniasis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
American Medical Association, visual efficiency, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), eyewear standards of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), sports eyewear standards of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), classification, pediatric patients, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Ametropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
axial, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
corrected, retinal image size in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
image size of object at far point and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
length of eye in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
uncorrected, retinal image size in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
correction with spectacle lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36 ) 
object/image conjugacy in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
refractive, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
corrected, retinal image size in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
uncorrected, retinal image size in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
transient, Fresnel lenses in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52) 
vitreous development and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Amicar. See Epsilon-Aminocaproic acid (Amicar)
Amino acid metabolism disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) See also Cystinosis
Aminoaciduria
Aminophylline, effect on ocular blood flow, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Aminopyrine. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Amitriptyline
in migraine prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Ammonium hydroxide, ocular injury, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Amobarbital, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Amodiaquine
vortex keratopathy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
AMO Vitrax. See Viscoelastic materials
Amoxicillin
for chronic bacterial conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
and clavulanate, for orbital cellulitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
with clavulanic acid, in bite wounds, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Amphetamines, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) See also Hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine)
Amphotericin B, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62 ) 
intracameral administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
structural formula, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
subconjunctival administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
susceptibility of organisms to, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
topical administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
Ampicillin, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
in gonococcal conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
preoperative administration of, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Amplitude
of accommodative convergence, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
of fusional convergence, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
of fusional divergence, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
of fusional vergence
Amsler grid, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
in low vision, pincushion distortion, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
toxic retinopathies and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
Amvisc/Amvisc Plus. See Viscoelastic materials
Amyl nitrite, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Amyloid degeneration, polymorphic, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
Amyloid precursor protein, in retinal ganglion cells, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
ANA. See Antibodies, antinuclear
Anaerobic ocular infections. See Infection(s), anaerobic
Analgesia, muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Analgesics
intraoperative, dosage and administration of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
ocular toxicity, 3, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Analphalipoproteinemia. See Tangier disease
Anaphylactoid reactions, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 25) See also Hypersensitivity, type I
in external tissues, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
in internal tissues, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
Anaphylaxis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 25) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
eosinophil chemotactic factor of. (See Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A))
Anastomoses, optociliary, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Anatomy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1 .) See specific organ
lateral geniculate nucleus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 34) 
ocular circulation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5 ) 
trabecular meshwork, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
visual sensory system, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 34 ) 
Anchoring fibrils , plaques, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Anchoring structures, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Androgens, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Anectine. See Succinylcholine
Anemia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 18) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
deficiency, agents used to treat, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
ischemic optic neuropathy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
ocular complications, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
sickle cell. (See also Sickle cell disease; Sickle cell retinopathy)
Anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1 ) 
adjuncts to, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
anatomical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for chemodenervation of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81 ) 
cataract surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
discharge criteria, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
fluid management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
inpatient versus outpatient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
intraoperative concerns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
maintenance anesthetics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
patient preparation for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80 ) 
postoperative concerns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
premedication for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
complications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
extraocular muscle trauma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
globe perforation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
optic nerve injury, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
retinal detachment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
retrobulbar hemorrhage, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
subdural anesthetic injection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for corneal surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
discharge criteria after, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
double-plate shunt placement, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
drug interactions in, children and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
emergence from, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
in esotropia correction, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in examination for glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
in eyelid surgery, in trauma, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
eye surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
anatomic perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
complications of ocular anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for corneal surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
facial nerve blocks, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
general anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for glaucoma surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for oculoplastic surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
parabulbar (sub-Tenon’s) anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
peribulbar anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for refractive surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
retrobulbar anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for strabismus surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
topical anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for vitreoretinal surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
facial nerve blocks, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
anatomical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Nadbath-Rehman block, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
O’Brien block, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
fluid management with, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
general, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1 ) 
chemical injury to cornea, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
congenital heart disease and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
corneal abrasion and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
croup due to, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
diabetes mellitus and, 5, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Down syndrome and, 4, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
drug interactions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
induction, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
psychological considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
intraocular pressure and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
irrigation and probing under, lacrimal system blocks, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
malignant hyperthermia due to, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
preanesthetic management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
in premature infants, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
preoperative evaluation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
respiratory status and, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
retinal ischemia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
sickle cell anemia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Valsalva retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
in glaucoma surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
intraoperative concerns, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
intubation for, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
local
regional blocks. (See Anesthesia, nerve blocks)
topical, corneal specimen collection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
maintenance, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
nerve blocks
anatomic perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for oculoplastic surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
peribulbar, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1 ) 
akinetic effect, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Davis-Mandel classic approach, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Davis-Mandel current approach, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
postponement of, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
psychological preparation for, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80 ) 
ptosis surgery and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
for refractive surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
retrobulbar, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1 ) 
alternative/modified techniques, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
direction of gaze during, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Hamilton’s technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Hustead’s multi-injection technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
optic nerve injury, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
for scleral buckling, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
subTenon’s (parabulbar), (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1 ) 
anatomic perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Fukasaku’s “pinpoint” methods, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Stevens’ technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
supplementation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
topical, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for corneal surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Fichman’s technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
trabeculectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
for vitreoretinal surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Anesthesiophore group, 2, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
Anesthetics
general
intraocular pressure effects of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
neuroprotection of axons and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
retrobulbar
intraocular pressure effects of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Aneurysmal bone cyst, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 44) 
Aneurysm racemosum, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) See also Microaneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
affecting pupillary light reflex, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
childhood aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
diplopia due to, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
endovascular treatment of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
fusiform aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
vertebrobasilar system, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
macroaneurysms. (See Macroaneurysms)
macroaneurysms, arterial, photocoagulation for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
miliary, Leber’s, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
saccular aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
anterior communicating artery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
carotid-ophthalmic artery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
carotid-supraclinoid, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
intracavernous carotid, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
middle cerebral artery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
ophthalmic artery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
posterior cerebral artery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
posterior communicating artery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
vertebrobasilar system, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
syndrome of idiopathic retinal vasculitis with neuroretinitis and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
traumatic aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
of vertebrobasilar system
Angiocentric lymphoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
Angioedema
antifibrinolytic drugs for, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
Angiofibromas
papular, in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) 
in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
Angiography. See also Fluorescein angiography; Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography
carotid, in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
computed tomographic, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
digital subtraction, in carotid artery disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
fundus camera in. (See Fundus camera)
indocyanine green, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A ) 
administration technique, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
in birdshot retinochoroiditis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
of choroidal tumors, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
fundus camera-based, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
laser treatment and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
in macular degeneration, age-related, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
normal videoangiogram, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
in placoid pigment epitheliopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
properties of dye, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
in radiation retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36A) 
scanning laser ophthalmoscopes-based, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
in toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
“warp tracing”, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
magnetic resonance, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 35) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 25) 
in carotid artery disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
in polyarteritis nodosa, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale. See Fabry’s disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. See Kimura’s disease
Angioma. See also Hemangioma
spider, in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Angiomatosis
encephalofacial. (See Sturge-Weber syndrome)
encephalotrigeminal. (See Sturge-Weber syndrome)
retinal, in von Hippel-Lindau disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) See also Von Hippel–Lindau disease
von Hippel-Lindau disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Angiomatosis retinae, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 35) See also Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Angiomatous malformation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Angio-osteohypertrophy. See Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome
Angiosarcoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
orbital, Kimura’s disease versus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Angiotensin, effect on ocular blood flow, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angle-closure glaucoma, primary, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Angle of light waves entering eye, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Angle recessions, trauma to ciliary body and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 61) 
Angle-tooth forceps, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Angular conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 49) 
Anhydrosis, ipsilateral, in Horner syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Aniseikonia, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
amount of, estimation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
with anisometropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
effects on visual functioning, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
with intraocular lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
relative spectacle magnification and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
spectacle correction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47)  (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 51B) 
calculating curves using Thill Aniseikonia Worksheet, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) See also Thill Aniseikonia Worksheet
prescribing lenses for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
trial clip-on lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
tolerance thresholds, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
Anisocoria, contraction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
in Horner’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
in relative afferent pupillary defect, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Anisometropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Duane retraction syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
induced vertical phoria from bifocals and, correction of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
myopic, optical correction of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 42) 
Ankyloblepharon, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Annular macular dystrophy
benign concentric, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
concentric, benign, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
Anomalies, congenital. See Congenital anomalies; Dysgeneses
Anomalous color-blindness, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Anomalous retinal correspondence, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Anomalous trichomatism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Anophthalmic socket, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 82) 
complications, management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
lower lid problems and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
superior eyelid sulcus defect and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) See also Enucleation; Evisceration; Exenteration
anatomic considerations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
Anorexia nervosa, cataracts in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Anorexia nervosa, cataract with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Anorexiants, ocular toxicity, 4, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Anosognosic syndromes, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Anovulatory agents
pseudotumor cerebri and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
retinal arterial occlusion and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
ANSI. See American National Standards Institutes (ANSI)
Antagonist agents, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Anterior axial embryonic cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Anterior capsulectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
Anterior capsulotomy, (Foundations Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
Anterior chamber. See also Anterior segment of eye
angle, 3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
distortion, after cataract extraction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54G) 
width
and angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
classification systems, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
aqueous humor dynamics, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
aqueous turnover, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
blood accumulation. (See Hyphema)
cells, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 32) 
cholesterol crystals, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
cleavage abnormalities of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
depth, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
in angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
peripheral, estimating, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
surgical deepening, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy in measurement, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
flare, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 32) 
flat, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
glaucoma surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
aqueous misdirection and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
pupillary block and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
glaucoma. (See Glaucomain)
hemorrhage, during cataract extraction, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
intraocular lens. (See Intraocular lenses, anterior chamber type lenses)
keratocentesis of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35 ) 
necrosis, after retinal reattachment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
neurogenic inflammation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 39) 
paracentesis, during scleral buckling, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
pseudophakia, intraocular lens and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
reformation, following penetrating trauma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 66) 
reformation of, postoperative failure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 19) 
sequelae of nongranulomatous inflammation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
shallow, in post-keratoplasty pressure elevations, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54F) 
slit lamp examination. (See Slit lamp; Slit lamp biomicroscopy)
tube placement, double-plate shunt, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106 ) 
viewing of, clinical methods of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
Anterior chamber angle
angle-closure glaucoma. (See Glaucoma, closed anglein)
cells or debris in, open-angle glaucoma caused by, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 19) 
developmental anomalies
congenital glaucoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
endothelialization, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 19) 
measurement, ultrasound biomicroscopy in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
postcontusion deformity, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Anterior chamber lenses, (Foundations Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
Anterior deep temporal artery, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Anterior dialysis of the young, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
after diabetic vitrectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 57) 
Anterior inferior orbitotomies, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
percutaneous approach, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
Anterior levator resection, ptosis surgery and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Anterior megalophthalmos, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Anterior membrane dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
Anterior mosaic dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
Anterior orbital approaches, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
Anterior orbitotomy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) See also Orbitotomy
Anterior-posterior compression, equatorial expansion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Anterior scleral foramen, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
Anterior segment of eye, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) See also Anterior chamber
in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
surgery, after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
trauma. (See also Trauma, anterior segment of eye)
surgical management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39 ) 
vascular occlusion, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 40) 
vitrectomy, in cataract surgery, pediatric, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
Anterior segment trauma, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
blunt anterior segment trauma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
lacerating anterior segment trauma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Anterior subcapsular cataracts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Anterior uvea, metastatic cancer to, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 34) 
Anterior uveitis, onchocerciasis and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 62) 
Anterior vitreous cortex, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Anthelmintics, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Anti-allergy agents
Antianginal agents, ocular toxicity, 3, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Antianxiety agents
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Anti-apoptosis agents, in glaucoma treatment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Antiarrhythmics, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Antibacterial agents
ocular pharmacology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
Antibacterials, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Antibiotic inactivation of ocular infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 65) 
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance of ocular infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 65) 
Antibiotics, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) See also specific antibiotic; See also Antibacterial agents; Drugs, antimicrobial and antibiotic
topical
metabolism and elimination, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
Antibiotic use, reduced, antibiotic resistance of ocular infections and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 65) 
Antibodies
Antibodies. See also Immunoglobulin(s)
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
in Soogren’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
antinuclear (ANA), in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
cell-mediated cytotoxicity dependent on, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
hypersensitivity reactions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
chlamydial eye infections and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 77) 
cytoplasmic, antineutrophil
in Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
cytotoxic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
hypersensitivity uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
fluorochrome-conjugated, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
herpes simplex ocular disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 89) 
in herpes simplex virus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
herpesvirus, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 37) 
monoclonal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
in comparative anatomic studies, of visual cortex, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
fluorescein-conjugated, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
in rheumatoid arthritis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
serologic detection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
viral
varicella-zoster virus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 94) 
Antibody coefficient, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
Anti-cell adhesion molecule antibodies, for ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
Anticholinergics, systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Anticholinesterase agents
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
side effects of, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Anticholinesterases
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Anticoagulants. See also Heparin
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
characteristics of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
natural, deficiency, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
in retinal vein occlusion, central, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
for thrombophilia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Anticomplement immunofluorescence, in viral infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
Anticonvulsants
in migraine prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 39) 
perioperative management of, in children, 6, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Antidepressants
ocular toxicity, 4, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
tricyclic, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Antidotes, indirect-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Antiemetics, dosage and administration of, for children
Antifibrinolytic agents, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
for aqueous humor overflow, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
for corneal thickness, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
for recurrent hyphema, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
Antifungal agents, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62 .) See also specific agent; specific disease
for endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
for fungal keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21) 
nucleoside analogues, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
susceptibility testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) 
Antigen-antibody complexes, in polyarteritis nodosa, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Antigen-antibody reactions, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Antigen cross matching, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Antigen-presenting cells, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Antigens, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 25) See also Major histocompatibility complex; specific antigens
distribution in internal tissues, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
endogenous, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
enterovirus and coxsackievirus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 92) 
environmental, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
exogenous, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
gonococcal, immune response, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 50) 
HLA (human leukocyte). (See HLA system)
meningococcal, immune response, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 50) 
organ-specific, sequestered within eye, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28A) 
in polyarteritis nodosa, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
tests for detection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
in uveitis treatment, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28A) 
Antiglaucoma agents
Antiglaucoma surgery, complications, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Antihelminthic agents, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
Antihistamines
side effects and toxicity, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
Antihypertensives, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Anti-IL-2 receptor antibody, for ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
Anti-infective agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Anti-inflammatory agents
in endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
nonsteroidal. (See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs))
Antilirium. See Physostigmine; Physostigmine salicylate
Antilymphocyte globulin, for ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
Antimalarials, ocular toxicity, 4, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Antimicrobial activity, tear film, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Antimicrobial agents. See Drugs, antimicrobial and antibiotic
Antimicrobial resistance of ocular infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 65) 
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Antimiotic agents
Antimitotic agents
Antimuscarinics
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
side effects and toxicity
Antineoplastic agents, ocular toxicity, 5, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
side effects and toxicities
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
Antioxidants
topical, bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
cataract risk reduction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
combinations, and cataract risk reduction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
Antiparasitic agents, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66 ) 
for Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
for diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
for lice infestation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
for microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
for ocular toxocariasis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
for onchocerciasis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
for pneumocystic choroiditis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
Antipericyte autoantibodies, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
Antiplatelet agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
Antiplatelet therapy
diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Antiproteases, in tears, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Antiprotozoal agents, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66 ) 
Antipsychotics
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Antipyrine
Antipyrine. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Antireflective lens coating, physical optics, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Antirheumatic agents, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Antiseptic agents
cationic, in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
in postoperative prophylaxis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
Antiseptics, topical, preoperative use of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
Antispasmodics, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Antithrombin III, deficiency, 4, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Antithyroid agents, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Antitubercular agents, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Antitumor necrosis factor antibodies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
Antivirals. See Drugs, antiviral
in herpes zoster keratouveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 39) 
for HSV keratitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
for progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
topical, in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
for zoster uveitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
AOFPED (adult-onset foveomacular pigment epithelial dystrophy), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Aortic arch atherosclerotic disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
Aortic arch syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) See also Pulseless disease (Takayasu’s arteritis)
and ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
AOS (accessory optic system), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
A-O Vectographic Project-O-Chart Slide, in monofixation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 14) 
Aphakia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
after cataract surgery, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
and automated perimetry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
binocular, intraocular lenses in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
correction of
after cataract surgery, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
epikeratophakia for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 103) See also Epikeratophakia
intraocular lenses in. (See also Aphakia, secondary IOL implantation)
with additional spectacle correction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
monocular, intraocular lenses in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
in pediatric patient
epikeratoplasty for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 45) 
intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 101 ) 
optical correction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 45 ) 
penetrating keratoplasty for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
postoperative, Fresnel lenses in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52) 
secondary IOL implantation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8 ) 
anterior chamber IOL, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
posterior chamber IOL, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
endocapsular technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
sulcus fixation, 3–4, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
transsclerally sulcus-sutured PC IOL, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
transsclerally sutured, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
unsutured sulcus fixation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
preoperative screening, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
selection of IOL type, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
anterior chamber IOL, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
endocapsular PC IOL, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
transsclerally sulcus-sutured PC IOL, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
unsutured PC IOL sulcus fixation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
timing of surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
solar damage and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 55) 
APMPPE (acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy). See Placoid pigment epitheliopathy, acute posterior multifocal
Apocrine glands, of lids, tumors
Applamatic tonometer, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 47) 
Applanation tonometry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
combined with indentation tonometry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
topical anesthesia, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
Application to clinical problems, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40B) 
Aqueous flare
ocular ischemic syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Aqueous humor, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45)  (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) See also Anterior chamber angle
active transport of, muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
alpha-adrenergic drug effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
aqueous formation, factors affecting, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
aqueous formation rate, mathematical derivation of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
aqueous outflow, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
methods of measurement of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
blood-aqueous barrier, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
blood-aqueous barrier and. (See Blood-aqueous barrier)
cells in, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 32) 
ciliary body and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
conventional outflow of, trabecular meshwork and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
cytologic examination of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
dialysis , ultrafiltration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
diversion. (See also Tube shunts)
evolution of devices, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
drainage (outflow), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45 ) 
adrenergic regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
alterations in cholinergic sensitivity of outflow apparatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
cell- and particulate-induced facility decreases, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
cholinergic regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
conventional (trabecular), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
adrenergic regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
cholinergic regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
corticosteroid regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
cytochalasins and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
cytoskeletal and cell junctional mechanisms, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
formation, surgery to decrease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
hyaluronidase- and protease-induced facility increases, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
implants, in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
intraocular pressure and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 46) 
pharmacology and regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
prostaglandin mechanisms, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
protein- and macromolecule-induced facility decreases, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
surgery to increase, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
trabecular (conventional), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43 ) 
unconventional (uveoscleral), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
adrenergic regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
cholinergic regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
prostaglandin mechanisms, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
dynamics, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45 ) 
aqueous humor formation and composition, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45 ) 
blood-aqueous barrier, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
effects of drugs on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25 ) 
facility of inflow, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
fluorophotometric analysis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 46) 
tonographic analysis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 46) 
formation and composition, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45)  (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
active transport, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
adrenergic mechanisms, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
blood-aqueous barrier and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
cholinergic drugs and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
pharmacology and regulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
growth factors in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
host defense mechanisms, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
keratocentesis of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35 ) 
measuring rates of aqueous formation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
misdirected. (See Malignant glaucoma)
outflow facility, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
outflow resistance of. (See Aqueous humor, drainage (outflow))
pathways of aqueous flow, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
pharmacokinetics and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
pharmacologic agent effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
intraocular pressure
non-steady-state alteration, by pharmacologic agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
non-steady-state alterations of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
alpha-adrenergic agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
beta-adrenergic agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
beta-adrenergic antagonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
cholinergic agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
prostaglandin analogues, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
steady-state alterations of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
active and passive mechanisms of formation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
alternative model for aqueous humor dynamics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
aqueous humor formation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
aqueous humor outflow, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
episcleral venous pressure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
measurement of rate of aqueous humor formation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
trabecular meshwork outflow, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
uveoscleral outflow, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
refractive index of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
secondary aqueous, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
serologic examination of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
trabecular pathway, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Treponema pallidum in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
uveoscleral pathway, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
uveoscleral pathway and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Aqueous humor-vitreous
Aqueous misdirection
after glaucoma surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
Arachidonic acid products. See also Prostaglandins
oxidative, in inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Arachnoidactyly. See Marfan syndrome
Arachnoiditis, opticochiasmatic, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
Archery, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Arc of contact
of extraocular muscles, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
strabismus surgery and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Arc of contact surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91) 
Arcuate staining, contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Arcus juvenilis corneae, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Area of conscious regard, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Area of Martegiani, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Arginine-reduced diet, in gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
Argon lasers. See also Excimer laser
blue-green, advantages, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
in glaucoma
cyclophotocoagulation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
trabeculoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) See also Trabeculoplasty, laser
Argyll Robertson pupils, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Argyrol, preoperative use of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
Aristotle ether theory, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Armaly-Drance technique, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
ARN. See Acute retinal necrosis
Arnold-Chiari malformation
cough headache in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
divergence paralysis in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Aromatic diamidines, in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
Array Multizonal Refractive intraocular lens, (Foundations Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
Arterial bypass surgery, exracranial-intracranial, in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Arterial flow malformations, orbital neoplasms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
management natural history, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Arterial hypertension, systemic, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
Arterial obstructive disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
branch retinal artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
carotid artery disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
central retinal artery, central retinal vein obstruction, combined, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
central retinal artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
central retinal artery obstruction with cilioretinal artery sparing, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
choroidal obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
cilioretinal artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
obstruction of retinal arteriole, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
ophthalmic artery, obstruction of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
ophthalmic artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
posterior ciliary artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
retinal, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C ) 
Arteries. See Blood vessels; Vascular system; specific arteries; specific artery
Arteriography. See also Angiography
of capillary hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille’ syndrome), cornea in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Arteriolar-venular anastomoses, peripheral, in sickle cell retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Arteriole
retinal
in hypertensive disease, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
macular, in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
peripheral, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
occlusions, in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
retinal, obstruction of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Arteriosclerosis. See also Atherosclerosis
in hypertensive retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Arteriosclerotic ischemic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Arteriosclerotic retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Arteriovenous crossing, in hypertensive retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Arteritis
giant cell. (See Giant cell arteritis; Polyarteritis nodosa)
giant cell. (See Arteritis, cranial)
pseudotemporal, zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
Takayasu’s. (See Pulseless disease (Takayasu’s arteritis))
temporal, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) See also Arteritis, cranial
Arthritis
anterior uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
in Behcet’s disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 40) 
in inflammatory bowel disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 26) 
Lyme, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) See also Lyme disease
postinfective reactive. (See Reiter’s syndrome)
in Reiter’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 26) 
rheumatoid. (See Rheumatoid arthritis)
Arthropods, as normal inhabitants of eye, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
Artifact, blindsight, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Arylsulfatase metabolism, in metachromatic leukodystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
ASA. See American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)
Ascaris lumbricoides
and lid infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Ascaris lumbricoides, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Asepsis, endophthalmitis prevention, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
Aseptic keratitis
differential diagnosis
Ash leaf lesions, in tuberous sclerosis, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) 
Aspartoacylase deficiency (Canavan disease), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19 ) 
Aspergillus fumigatus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) 
Asphyxia, traumatic, retinopathy due to, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 32) 
Aspiration, of lens material, in cataract surgery, pediatric, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
Aspiration biopsy. See Biopsy
Aspirin. See also Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
as antiplatelet agent
carotid atheromatous disease and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
characteristics of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
in ischemic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
platelet dysfunction caused by, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
side effects, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
in traumatic hyphema, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Assault, ocular injury, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
Astemizole, for allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Asthma, allergens causing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 34) 
child with, anesthesia and, 6, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Astigmatic dials
in subjective refraction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 39 ) 
Astigmatic keratotomy. See Keratotomy, astigmatic
Astigmatism, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
axis determination in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
corneal, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
central posterior curve of rigid lens and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
contact lens for. (See Contact lenses, fitting procedure for)
corneal contour in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) 
videokeratography, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
crescents of optic disc and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
cross cylinder in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38 ) 
far point in correction of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
from Fresnel prism, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52) 
induced
by deratomileusis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 46) 
by radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
irregular, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
after lamellar refractive keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
specialty lenses for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
videokeratography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
with lens surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 12) 
limbal relaxing incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 12) 
patient selection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 12) 
treatment options, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 12) 
postoperative
after cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
after penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
intraoperative steps for prevention, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
retinal blur spot in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
retinal image size in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Thill Aniseikonia Worksheet in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
toric spectacle lenses in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) 
ASTM. See American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Astrocytic hamartoma
in tuberous sclerosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
tuberous sclerosis and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Astronomical (Keplerian) telescope, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Ataxia
hereditary cerebellar, optic atrophy in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
inherited, associated with strabismus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
retinitis pigmentosa and, neurogenic muscle weakness and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Atheroma, of retinal arterioles, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Atherosclerosis
ocular ischemic syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
ophthalmoscopy, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
retinal vein occlusion and, central, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
Athlete. See also Sports medicine
one-eyed, sports participation guidelines for, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Athletic injuries. See Sports medicine, specific sport
Atkinson block, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
optic nerve injury, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Atmospheric condition, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Atresia of nasolacrimal duct, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Atresia of punctum, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Atrial fibrillation, and retinal emboli, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Atrial septal defect, and Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Atrophic papulosis, malignant, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Atrophy
central areolar choroidal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
chorioretinal
bifocal, progressive, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
facial hemiatrophy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
gyrate, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54A) 
fluorescein angiography
molecular genetics
gyrate. (See Gyrate atrophy)
hemiatrophy, facial, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 30) 
macular
in cystoid macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
optic nerve, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
in Apert’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in Bielschowsky-Jansky syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in Conradi’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in craniostenoses, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
heredodegenerative, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
heterodegenerative, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5 ) 
in Leber’s disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
neurolgoic syndromes and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in ischemic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in Jamaican optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in lateral geniculate nucleus lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
in Leber’s disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in metabolic storage diseases, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in metachromatic leukodystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
in optic tract lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
in osteopetrosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
peripapillary
in ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 48) 
retinal pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in benign concentric annular macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in dominant cystoid macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in North Carolina macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in pericentral retinitis pigmentosa, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in pigment epithelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in progressive cone-red dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
uveal
vascular, choroidal, total
Atropine
amblyopia, (1)11: 3–5in
as antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
as cycloplegic
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in malignant glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
cycloplegic refraction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
side effects of, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
in traumatic hyphema, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
Atypical cells, epidermal, 3, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Audiometry
Augmentin. See Amoxicillin, with clavulanic acid
Aureobasidium pullulans, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) 
Aurothioglucose, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Aurothioglycanide, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Australia antigen, in polyarteritis nodosa, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
Autacoids, histamine. See Histamine
Autoimmune reactions
Behcet’s diseasein
in toxoplasmosis, recurrent, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 76) 
Autoimmunity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28A) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) See also specific autoimmune disorder; T–lymphocyte–mediated disease and
in epidermolysis bullosa, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in erythema multiforme major, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in ischemic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
mechanisms of disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in optic neuritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in pemphigoid
phacoanaphylactic uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54A) 
thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) See also Thyroid disordersin
Automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) See also Perimetry; (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109 ) 
advantages over manual techniques, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
in choroidal disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
differential light threshold in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
sensitivity versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
factors influencing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
false negative responses, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
false positive responses, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
FASTPAC full threshold strategy in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
full-threshold strategy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
global indices in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
light intensities and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
long-term fluctuations, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
machine characteristics, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
in neuro-ophthalmologic diseases, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
one-level suprathreshold screen, with quantification of defects, in automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
pattern discrimination, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
screening programs, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
short-term fluctuations, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
single-level suprathreshold test, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
static threshold, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
display of results, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
statistical analysis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
Swedish interactive threshold algorithm, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
threshold and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
screening strategies versus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
two-level suprathreshold test, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Automated static screening perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Automated static threshold perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Automated threshold tests, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Automated vitreous suction cutters, in Chandler procedure, for malignant glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Automobile racing, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Autoregulation, ocular blood flow, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Autosomal dominant disorders, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) See also specific disorder
Best’s disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
congenital cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
congenital stationary night blindness, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
linked to marker
neonatal jaundice, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
retinitis pigmentosa
candidate genes, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
comparative mapping, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
molecular genetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
not caused by opsin mutation
vitreoretinochoroidopathy, fluorescein angiography
Autosomal dominant fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Autosomal dominant systemic conditions, ocular manifestations of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
autosomal dominant inheritance, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
connective tissue diseases, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
systemic manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
multisystem disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
myotonic dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
systemic manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
phacomatoses, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
von Recklinghausen’s disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
skeletal diseases, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Apert’s syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
skeletal manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
systemic manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
craniofacial dysostoses, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Crouzon’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
skeletal manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Stickler’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Treacher Collins syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
systemic manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
tuberous sclerosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
systemic manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
von Hippel-Lindau disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Waardenberg’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
ocular manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
systemic manifestations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Autosomal recessive disorders, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) See also specific disorder
Bardet-Biedl syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
retinitis pigmentosa
candidate genes, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
comparative mapping, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Autosomal-recessive OA, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex, in viral infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
AVI system. See Advanced Visual Instrument (AVI) system
Awaya NAT (New Aniseikonia Test), (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 47) 
Axenfeld follicular conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
Axial anisometropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Axial length of eye
in angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
changes during ocular growth, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 45) 
in intraocular lens power calculation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
Axial magnification, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Axonal conduction, optic nerve and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 21) 
Axonal injury, optic nerve and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 21) 
Axonal transport, optic nerve and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 21) 
Azapropazone. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Azathioprine, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) See also Immunosuppressive agents
effects on immune system, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
effects on ocular inflammatory disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
in ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
Azidothymidine (AZT). See Zidovudine
Azithromycin, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
for inclusion conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
Azole antifungals, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) See also specific type
AZOOR (acute zonal occult outer retinopathies), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Azopt. See Brinzolamide

 Back to Top

Subject Index B
Bacillary angiomatosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 58) 
Bacille Calmette-Guerin in tuberculosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 58) 
Bacilli
tubercle, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 56) See also Mycobacterial infections
Bacillus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 51) 
causes, infective vs. other, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
differential diagnosis
diffuse interface, after LASIK, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
implications for pathogenesis in contact lens wearers
incidence and risk, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
infective vs. other causes, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
mycobacterial, nontuberculous, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 56) 
pathogenesis, in contact lens wearers, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53 ) 
posttraumatic infection with, prevention, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
Bacillus brevis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Bacillus cereus, infectious endophthalmitis and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
Bacillus coagulans, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Background luminance, in perimetric testing, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Bactec system, in tuberculosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 58) 
Bacteria. See also Infection(s); Microbiology laboratory; specific bacterium
anaerobic, classification, 2, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 57) 
gram-negative. (See Gram-negative)
gram-positive. (See Gram-positive)
invasion of cornea, resistance to, contact lenses and
in normal ocular surface flora, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
offensive strategies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) 
resistant to antimicrobial agents, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
retinitis pigmentosa and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
taxonomy and techniques, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
Bacterial culture media, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) See also Laboratory diagnosis
Bacterial diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33 ) 
cellulitis
orbital, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) See also Cellulitis, orbital
conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) See also Conjunctivitis, bacterial
dacryoadenitis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) See also Dacryoadenitis
dacryocystitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) See also Dacryocystitis
endocarditis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
prophylaxis
surgery in children and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
endophthalmitis. (See Endophthalmitis)
laboratory identification, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) 
polymerase chain reaction in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) 
Bacterial endocarditis. See Endocarditis, infective
Bacterial sinusitis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33) 
Badminton, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Baerveldt seton, in glaucoma treatment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Bagolini striated glasses test, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
in monofixation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 14) 
Balanced Salt Solution (BSS)-Plus (Alcon), (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
Ballasted contact lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Ballen procedure, in entropion, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Baller-Gerold syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
Balloon dacryoplasty, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
Bandage lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) See also Hydrogel lenses
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in corneal laceration, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
in corneal ulcer, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Band keratopathy. See Keratopathy, band-shaped
Band-shaped keratopathy
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
Band-shaped microcystic dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Bangerter foil, in amblyopia treatment, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
Barbital, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Barbiturates
mixed, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
overdose, coma in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Bard, Waardenburg-like syndrome of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Bare sclera excision, of pterygium, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 35) 
Barium sulfate, foreign body containing, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Barkan goniotomy lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 62) 
Barlow syndrome. See Mitral valve prolapse
Barometric decompression, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Barotrauma, proptosis in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 28) 
Barraquer-Krumeich-Swinger (BKS) keratomileusis, 2, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 46) 
Barr body, defined, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
Barr-Epstein virus. See Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Bartholin syndrome. See Trisomy 13
Bartholinus, Erasmus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Basal ganglia, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
trigeminal neuropathy and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Basal ganglion, in eye movement control, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Basal ganglionic control of eye movements, progressive supranuclear palsy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Basal lamina, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) See Basement membrane
Basal uveoretinitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
Baseball, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Base curve of lenses
spectacle lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Basement membrane. See also Descemet’s membrane; Lens capsule
of Bruch’s membrane, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
of ciliary nonpigmented epithelium, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
epithelial
in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
dystrophy. (See Map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy)
postoperative changes after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
exfoliation syndrome. (See Exfoliation syndrome)
Basement membrane controversy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Basic secretory test, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Basilar arteries
Basilar impressions of skull, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Basilar meningitis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Basketball, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Basque ball, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Batten-Mayou syndrome, retinal changes in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Battered baby syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Battered child syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 44) 
ophthalmic manifestations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 44) 
systemic manifestations, 3, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 44) 
Batteries, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Battery tests, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
BAX, apoptotic signaling and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Bazex syndrome, basal cell carcinoma associated with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
BB guns, eye injuries from, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
B-cell lymphomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) See also B lymphocytes; Lymphoma
cell surface markers, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
B cells, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 25) See also Lymphocyte(s)
BCG. See Bacille Calmette-Guerin; rin (BCG)
BCL-2, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
BCL-XL, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
BCNU. See Carmustine
Beam placement, latitude of, ophthalmoscopy and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Bechterew disease. See Ankylosing spondylitis
Beckerscope, in gonioscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 62) 
Bee sting, optic neuritis following, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Bee stings, of cornea or adnexal tissue, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
Belladonna
side effects and toxicity
Benadryl. See Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Bending power of lenses. See Diopter(s)
Benign, premalignant, malignant tumors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Benign childhood epilepsy with occipital spike-waves, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Benign intracranial hypertension, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Benign intraepithelial neoplasia, hereditary, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Benign lymphoepithelial lesion, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) See also Mikulicz’s syndrome
Sjo$PI$atgren’s syndrome versus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Benign mucosal pemphigoid, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Benoxinate
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Benton Visual Retention Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Benzalkonium, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Benzalkonium (Zephiran), side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Benzathine penicillin G, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 70) See also Penicillin(s)
Benzoin, in patch application, for amblyopia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
Benzoporphyrin derivative, in photodynamic therapy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 69C) 
Benzoylmethylecgonine. See Cocaine
Benztropine, side effects and toxicity
Besnoitia jellisoni, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 76) 
Beta-adrenergic agonists
intraocular pressure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
Beta-adrenergic antagonists
aqueous humor formation and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
intraocular pressure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
intraocular pressure effects of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
ocular blood flow effects of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
phenylephrine interactions with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
side effects
in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
systemic, from topical application, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40 ) 
topical
blood flow effects of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
blood pressure effects of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
and cardiac 1-receptors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
and contralateral ocular hypotension, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
debrisoquin metabolism and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
interaction with 1-adrenergic agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
psychiatric effects of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
and pulmonary 2-receptors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
serum lipid effects of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
systemic absorption, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents. See also specific agent
in aqueous humor formation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
for cluster headache, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
in uveitic glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
Beta-arotene
cataract risk reduction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
Beta-blockers. See Beta-adrenergic antagonists
in migraine prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Beta-fucosidase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Beta-galactosidase deficiency.
Beta-glucuronidase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Beta-hymotrypsin
aqueous outflow facility, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Beta-lactam antibiotics, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
Beta-lactamase antibiotics, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
Beta-lactams, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
after cataract surgery, pediatric, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
after vitrectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 66) 
in cellulitis, preseptal
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
for chronic bacterial endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
collagen shields, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
for conjunctivitis and keratitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 39) 
in dacryoadenitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in dacryocystitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in ecthyma gangrenosum, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
eyedrops, commercially available, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in gonococcal disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
mechanisms of action, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
ocular toxicity, 5, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) See also specific antibiotic
ointments, commercially available, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
oral administration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
parenteral administration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
prophylactic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in eyelid surgery
postoperative care, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
hydrogel lenses and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
penetrating trauma and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 66) 
preoperative, in children, 6, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
cataract surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
routes of administration and intraocular penetration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in streptococcal impetigo, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
in toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Beta lysin, in tears, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Betamethasone, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
in capillary hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Beta radiation, in pterygium management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 35) 
Betimal. See Timolol
Betoptic S. See Betaxolol
BETT. See Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology
Bezold-Brucke phenomenon, color perception and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Bicarbonate, aqueous humor secretion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Bicentric grinding, of bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
Bielschowsky-Jansky syndrome. See Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Bielschowsky phenomenon, in dissociated strabismus complex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
Biemond II syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Bietti crystalline retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
Bifocal chorioretinal atrophy, progressive, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) See also Multifocal lenses
bicentric grinding, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
in correction of vertical phoria, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
slab-off grinding in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
disadvantages of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) 
Fresnel lenses for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52) 
height of segments in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
historical aspects of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
intraocular
object displacement with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
pantoscopic angling of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
prismatic effects in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
slab-off grinding, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
width of segments in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
"Big blind spot syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Bigliano tonometer, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 47) 
Biguanides, in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
Bile solubility test, in bacteria identification, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Bilirubin, scleral pigmentation and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Bilobed flap, in lid repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Binocular balancing, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
Binocular disparity
description of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) See also Horopter
Binocular facilitation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Binocular fixation, in amblyopia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
Binocular fusion, neuro-ophthalmologic examination, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Binocularity
abnormal development in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Binocular perimetry, in monofixation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 14) 
Binocular rivalry
visual evoked potential and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Binocular vision, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5)  (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24 ) 
abnormalities
characteristics of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
stereoacuity disorders in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
visual evoked potential, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 105) 
adaptations
horopter and. (See Horopter)
macular versus extramacular, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
parvocellular versus magnocellular, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
phylogenetic background, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
responses to light stimulus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
sensory aspects
craniofacial anomalies and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
single, components, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
spectacle prescribing and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Bioavailability, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22 ) 
causes of bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22 ) 
oral medications and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
parenteral medications and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
topical medications and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
clinical application, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Biochemical diagnosis, prenatal, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Biofilm, bacterial
pathogenesis of bacterial infection and
gram-negative bacilli, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
Bioinformatics, and DNA sequence analysis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19A) 
Biometric gonioscopy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
Biomicroscope, slit lamp. See Slit lamp
Biomicroscopy
Biopsy
chorioretinal
in progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
in Churg-Strauss syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
conjunctival. (See Conjunctiva, biopsy)
in conjunctival granuloma, 3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
in eyelid tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
eye wall, diagnostic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 36) 
incisional
of lacrimal gland lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
of orbital lesions, excisional biopsy versus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
lacrimal gland, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 37) 
lymph node, in congenital toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
in lymphomatoid granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
mucosal, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 37) 
orbital
incisional versus excisional, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
in polyarteritis nodosa, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
in retinitis, cytomegalovirus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
of temporal artery, in cranial arteritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
in Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Bipolar cells
characteristics of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
color vision functions of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
flat midget type of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
in information processing, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
invaginating midget type of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
postsynaptic receptors, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
retinal neurotransmitters and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
teledendrite processes of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
ultrastructural appearance of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
Birdshot chorioretinopathy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
HLA antigen association, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Birth defects. See Chromosomal abnormalities; Congenital abnormalities; specific type
Birth trauma. See Trauma, at birth
Bite wounds, of eyelid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Biting flies, Lyme disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
BKS (barraquer-Krumeich-Swinger) keratomileusis, 2, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 46) 
Black sunburst sign, in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Blanching, perilimbal, in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Bleaching, rhodopsin, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
visual transduction and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Bleb
endothelial, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
excessively leaking, glaucoma surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
filtering
mitomycin C in trabeculectomy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
overfiltration, hypotony due to, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
Bleeding. See also Hemorrhage; Trauma
into anterior chamber, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
postoperative, vortex vein, after reoperation of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 98) 
Blepharitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22 ) 
after penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
beta-hemolytic streptococcal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
cellulitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
in meibomian gland dysfunction, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
in pemphigoid
cicatricial, treatment, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Blepharocanthal syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Blepharoconjuctivitis
angular, Moraxella lacunata, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
staphylococcal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
punctate epithelial erosions in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
punctuate epithelial keratopathy in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Blepharoconjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Blepharoplasty, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78 ) 
lower, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
repair of horizontal lid laxity combined with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
postoperative care, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
preoperative considerations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
preoperative evaluation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
retroblepharoplasty, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 74) 
simulated sheath syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Blepharoptosis. See also Ptosis
children. (See Pediatric ophthalmologyin)
contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia (Meige syndrome), (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Blind, normal hemifields, interactions between, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Blindness, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
amaurosis fugax and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) See also Amaurosis fugax
amaurotic familial idiocy and, juvenile, retinal changes in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
with arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
data sources and limitations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 52 ) 
diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20) 
diagnostic classification, statistics and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 52) 
Eales’ disease and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
in Hansen’s disease and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 63) 
“mind blindness”, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
night. (See Night blindness)
night blindness. (See Nyctalopia; Xerophthalmia)
nutritional. (See Xerophthalmia)
ocular trauma and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
orbital cellulitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
papilledema and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in pemphigoid, cicatricial, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
population-based surveys, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 52) 
postoperative, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
after reoperation of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 98) 
in renal failure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
river blindness. (See Onchocerciasis)
statistics, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 52 ) 
generalizability, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 52) 
meghodologic challenges, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 52) 
in thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
transient. (See also Transient obscurations of vision)
after transurethral prostate resection, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Blindsight, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22 ) 
color perception in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
explanations of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
form perception in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
hemidecortication, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
inverse Anton’s syndrome versus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
manual localization in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
motion-related abilities in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
remnant abilities in, measurement, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
residual vision, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
residual vision versus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
saccadic localization in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
training effects on, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Blindsight phenomena, varieties of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Blind-spot projection technique, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
Blistering dermatoses. See Bullous disorders
Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Blood
corneal staining with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
pH, intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Blood agar medium, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
for cultures in bacterial keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Blood culture bottles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
Blood disorders. See Hematologic disorders
Blood dyscrasias, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
plasma cell dyscrasias, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
platelet disorders and coagulopathies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
retinopathy of. (See Retinopathy of blood dyscrasias)
Blood dyscrasias. See Dyscrasias
Blood loss, and ischemic disc swelling, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Blood-ocular barrier, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Blood pressure. See also Hypertension
categorization, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
classification, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) See also Intraocular pressure
ophthalmic artery, choroidal blood flow and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
perfusion
outflow measurement and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
topical -blockers and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
Blood vessels. See also specific vascular disorder
in anterior chamber angle, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
of anterior segment, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
arteriovenous malformation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
arteritis. (See Arteritis)
cardiovascular. (See Cardiovascular disorders)
carotid atheromatous disease and chronic ocular hypoxia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
cerebellar, disorders, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
choroidal, in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
cilioretinal artery, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
facial nerve supply, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
hemangioma. (See Hemangiomain)
hyaloid artery, persistent, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
of iris, anomalous, and developmental glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
ischemic disorders. (See Ischemia)
of lacrimal gland, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
of lateral geniculate body, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
neovascularization. (See Neovascularization)
oculocephalic anomalies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17 ) 
prepapillary vascular loops, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
retinal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 1) See also Retinal arteries; Retinal veins
occlusive disease of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
ophthalmoscopy, 2–3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
periphlebitis retinae, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 16 ) 
velocity of blood flow, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
in Sturge-Weber disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
telangiectasia of retina, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
vasculitis. (See Vasculitis)
of visual cortex, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
in von Hippel-Lindau disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
in Wyburn-Mason syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Blood viscosity, and diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
Blow-in fracture, of orbital roof, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Blow-out patch, in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Blue arcs of the retina, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
Blue cone monochromacy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
Blue cone monochromatism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Blue-field entoptic phenomenon, vitrectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
Blue light, lens fluorescence induced by, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Blue-on-yellow automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Blue rubber bleb nervous syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Blue sclera, (1)53: 12; See Sclera and episclera, blue
Blunt anterior segment trauma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Blunt trauma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) See Trauma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
anterior-posterior compression, equatorial expansion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
coup, contrecoup, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
hyphema
antifibrinolytic agents, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
medical management, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
intraocular pressure, management of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
ocular damage mechanisms, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
posterior segment injuries, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
choroidal injuries, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
commotio retinae, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
optic nerve injuries, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
retinal, vitreous hemorrhage, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
retinal detachment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
retinal tears, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
role of head trauma in retinal tears, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
vitreous traction tears, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
retinitis sclopeteria, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
protection of eye, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Blur, automated perimetry and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
Blur filter, in amblyopia treatment, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
Blur patterns, in emmetropia, hyperopia, and myopia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Blurred vision. See Vision, blurred
Blur spot, retinal, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
B lymphocytes, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) See also Lymphocytes
in immune responses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in corneal graft rejection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
T cell interactions with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
Boating, eye injuries from, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Body mass index, control, and cataract risk reduction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
Body temperature, intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Boeck sarcoid. See Sarcoidosis
Bohr model of atomic structure, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Boichis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Bombardment, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Bone marrow transplantation, ocular complications, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Bonkrekic acid, and apoptosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Bonnet-De Chaume-Blanc syndrome. See Wyburn-Mason syndrome
Border tissue of Elschnig, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 25) 
Border tissue of Jacoby, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 25) 
Borrelia burgdorferi, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40A) 
Borreliosis, Lyme. See Lyme disease
Boston Naming Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Botulinum toxin
chemodenervation of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) See also Chemodenervation, of extraocular musclesin
for dissociated vertical deviation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
for hemifacial spasm, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
for Meige’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
in migraine prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
myasthenia-like syndromes from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
nondepolarizing nicotinic antagonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
ptosis induced by, in facial palsy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
side effects, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) 
Botulism, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33) 
accommodative paralysis in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
facial paralysis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
ophthalmologic findings, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Bourneville disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) See also Tuberous sclerosis, 12; 58: 6–7
Boutons en passant, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
Bowman layer, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
cautery of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
glycosaminoglycan accumulation in, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
Bowman membrane
microscopic anatomy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Bowman Type I corneal dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
“Bow-tie” hypoplasia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Boxing, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Brachytherapy, radioactive plaque, for posterior uveal melanoma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 70 ) 
Brain
abnormalities, in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
arteriovenous communication with retina, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
calcification, in congenital toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
cavernous hemangioma of retina and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
eye movements and. (See Eye movement(s))
output pathway from retina to, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
tumor of, headache from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and axon damage in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Brain-heart infusion, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Brain stem
horizontal gaze control, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
nuclei, trigeminal nerve, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
trigeminal neuropathy and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
vergence eye movement control, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
vertical and torsional eye movement control, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Brainstem, trigeminal nerve dysfunction, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Brainstem auditory-evoked response, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
Brain stem reticular formation, ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Brainstem saccade circuits, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Braley, polymorphic macular degeneration of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Branched chain ketoaciduria, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19 ) 
Branch retinal artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Branch retinal vein obstruction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
Branhamella catarrhalis. See Moraxella catarrhalis
Brazilian purpuric fever, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
Breakpoint, fusion, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
Breast cancer, metastasis to eye and orbit, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Breast carcinoma
optic nerve metastases from, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
Brewster-Donders method, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
Brightness
color perception and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Brill-Zinsser disease, 2, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 58) 
Brinzolamide, for glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Brittle bone disease. See Osteogenesis imperfecta
Brivudin, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 37) See also Bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU)
side effects, in children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Broad thumb syndrome. See Rubinstien-Taybi syndrome
Bromide, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Bromocriptine
side effects and toxicity
Bromo-vinyl arabinosyl uracil (BV Ara U), structure, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 100) 
Bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU)
efficacy
mechanism of action
penetration and pharmacokinetics
resistance to
structure
toxicity
for varicella-zoster virus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 94) 
Broth dilution testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Brown oculocutaneous albinism, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Brown syndrome, surgery to correct, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
superior oblique
forced duction testing, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
tendon silicone expander procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
superior oblique silicone tendon expander, on right superior oblique tendon, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
superior oblique tenotomy, on right superior oblique tendon, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
superior oblique weakening procedures, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
suture guarded superior oblique tenotomy, temporal approach, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
Brown tendon sheath syndrome, 32–34
surgery for
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
saccadic velocity in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
secondary to surgery, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
spontaneous cure in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
spontaneous improvement in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
superior oblique forced duction testing and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
superior oblique tendon silicone expander procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
superior oblique weakening procedures, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
Brown tumor, orbital, in renal failure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Brows. See Eyebrows
Broxyquinoline, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Bruit
carotid, in carotid occlusive disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
globe auscultation for, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
Brushfield spots, in Down syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
“Brushfire border” pattern, in cytomegalovirus retinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
Brusting-Perry dermatitis, in cicatricial pemphigoid, 5, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
B-scan ultrasonography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 108) 
Buccal cellulitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
Bulbar palsies, congenital, 25–27
Bullous disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 12)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) See also specific disorders
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 12) 
keratopathy. (See Keratopathy, bullous)
Bullous keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
Bunazosin, effect on iris, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Bunsen “grease spot” photometer, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Bupranolol, pharmacology, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 32) 
Burners, laboratory, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 47) 
Burn-McKeown syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) 
Burrows’ triangles, Tenzel rotation flap and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Butacaine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Butalbitol, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy, molecular genetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of fovea, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Butylated hydroxytoluene, and cataract risk reduction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
Butyrophenones, side effects and toxicity
BV Ara U. See Bromo-vinyl arabinosyl uracil
B-VAT vision tester, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
BVDU. See Bromovinyldeoxyuridine
B vitamin deficiency, (2)5: 98–100
and central scotoma syndromes, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
BW882C87, in herpes zoster ophthalmicus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
Byers and Marmor, pattern dystrophy of pigment epithelium of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Bypass
arterial, extracranial-intracranial, in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
cardiopulmonary, ischemic optic neuropathy after, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 

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