Subject Index

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Click on a letter to get an alphabetic listing of Subjects.

Chapters in boldface indicate a major discussion of a topic.

Please also note that due to the impressive size of this index it was necessary to break it down in to smaller groups. The Alphabet above will take you to any letter you please and the grouping of letters is indicated by spaces between the letters.

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Subject Index D
Dacryadenitis, suppurative, acute, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Dacryocystectomy, for lacrimal sac tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Dacryocystography
abnormal findings in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
intubation microdacryocystography, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Dacryoplasty, balloon, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
Danazol, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dapsone
effects on immune system, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
effects on ocular inflammatory disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
in ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
for toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Daranide. See Dichlorphenamide (Daranide)
Daraprim. See Pyrimethamine
"Dark current, ” photoreceptor, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Darkfield examination, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Dark field illumination, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Darkness
retinal blood flow and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Dark-noise. See Dark-light
Dark room test, in angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Darts, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Da Vinci, Leonardo, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
4D Base-out test, in monofixation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 14) 
Deafness
congenital labyrinthine, with Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
late-onset sensorineural, albinism with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
sensorineural, late-onset, X-linked ocular albinism with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Debridement
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
Debrisoquin metabolism, side effects of -blockers and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
DEC. See Diethylcarbamazine
Decadron. See Dexamethasone
Decentered ablation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 48) 
Decentered ablations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 47) 
Decentration of lenses, contact lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Decibels
in automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Decompression, barometric, ocular effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
ocular, anesthesia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
optic nerve sheath, in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
Decompressive surgery
in pseudotumor cerebri, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in retinal vein occlusion, central, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
in traumatic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
Decongestants
Deep filiform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Deep inferior orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
transantral orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
Deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
Deep medial orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
frontoethmoidal orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
transcaruncular obitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
Deep orbital approaches, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
canthotomy approach, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
eyelid crease lateral orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
lateral obitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
transcoronal lateral orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
transcranial orbitotomy, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
indications, (Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
Deep sclerectomy with collagen implant (DSCI), (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Deep sclerectomy with viscocanalostomy (DSVC), (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Deferoxamine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Defocus, retinal image blur and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Degeneration
cerebellar
in ataxia-telangiectasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
optic atrophy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
chorioretinal. (See Chorioretinal degeneration)
choroidal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) See also Atrophy, choroidal
hepatolenticular. (See Wilson’s disease)
“hydropic, ”, (3) 7: 12
macular. (See also Macular degeneration)
polymorphic, of Braley, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
senile (aging)
choroidal degeneration and atrophy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
indocyanine green angiography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
light toxicity and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
retinal. (See Retina, degeneration)
macular. (See Macula, degeneration)
superficial reticular, of Koby, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 32) 
Degeneration, vitreous, age-related, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Degenerative verrucal endocardiosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
DeGrouchy syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Dehydrational crises, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Dehydrational crises, cataract in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Delayed-blanch phenomenon, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
Delayed hypersensitivity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40B) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
Delayed reactions. See Hypersensitivity, type IV
Delayed rectifier, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
Dellen, surgery of extraocular muscles and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83) 
Dematiaceous fungi, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) 
Demecarium (Humorsol)
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Demeclocycline, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Demodex folliculorum, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Demodex folliculorum, and lid infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
DeMorsier syndrome. See also Septo-optic dysplasia syndrome
Duane retraction syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Demyelinating diseases
chiasmal syndromes in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
optic neuritis with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Dendritic keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Dendritic ulcers, in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
Denervation. See also Chemodenervation
ciliary ganglion, muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
sympathetic. (See Horner’s syndrome)
Densitometry, of Scheimpflug photographs of lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19A) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51..) See also Molecular genetics, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
chlamydial ocular diseases, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 77) 
herpes simplex virus latency and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 89) 
mitochondrial, defects in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
mutations. (See Mutation)
in mycobacterial infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 56) 
restriction enzymes, prenatal detection, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
sequencing methods, alternative, (1) 19A: 17-19
single-strand gel electrophoresis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in viral infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
Depakote, in migraine prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Department of Defense, eyewear standards of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Depigmentation
with corticosteroids, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Depo-Medrol. See Methylprednisolone
Deprivation amblyopia, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Depth of field, and depth of focus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33 ) 
Depth perception, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) See Binocular vision
Dermabrasion, after lid repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Dermal hypoplasia, focal, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Dermatan sulfate, catabolism, metabolic blocks, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
Dermatitis, atopic, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Dermatoblepharitis, varicella-zoster virus
epidemics and outbreaks, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Dermatofibroma (histiocytoma), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Dermatologic agents, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dermatoses
dermatosis papulosa nigra, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Dermatosis
blistering. (See Bullous disorders)
Dermographism, white, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
Dermoid, conjunctival, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
Dermoid cysts, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
corneal, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
epibulbar, in Goldenhar’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
lacrimal gland fossa, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Dermoids. See Tumor(s), dermoid
Dermolipomas
Descemetocele, therapeutic hydrogel lenses and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Desensitization, in allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Design of lenses for indirect ophthalmoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Detachment
choroidal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) See also Effusions, anterior chamber reformation and, ciliochoroidal drainage
postoperative, scleral buckling and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
ultrasonography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
ciliochoroidal, hypotony and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
retinal. (See Retinal detachment)
Detachment, vitreous, anomalous posterior, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Detection acuity, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) See also Visual acuity
De Toni-Fanconi-Lignac syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) See also Cystinosis
Developing countries, HIV manifestations in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Developing nations, blindness in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 53) 
Developmental glaucoma. See Glaucoma, developmental
Developmental venous anomalies, cerebral, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Deviation, empiric probability maps, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Dexamethasone
in endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
penetrating keratoplasty and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
postoperative administration of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
in traumatic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Dexamethasone (Decadron), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Cushing’s syndrome and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
in endophthalmitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
in glaucoma prediction, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Dexmedetomidine, effect on aqueous humor, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Dextran, as hyperosmotic agent, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
Dextroamphetamine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dextrocycloversion, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
DFP. See Isoflurophate; Isoflurophate (DFP, Floropryl)
Diabetes mellitus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 35) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18)  (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
accommodation in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20) 
child with
anesthesia in, 5, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
corneal complications of vitrectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
cranial neuropathy in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
duration, and risk of retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
ischemic optic neuropathy in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
juvenile
ischemic optic neuropathy in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
light-near dissociation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
recessive optic atrophy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
maternal, teratogenesis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
ocular homeostasis and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
ocular ischemic syndrome and, treatment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
oculomotor palsy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
perioperative management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
platelet dysfunction in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
proliferative vitreoretinopathy in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 39) 
in retinal vein occlusion, central, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
retinopathy. (See Retinopathy, diabetic)
trigeminal nerve in, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Diabetic vitreopathy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Diagnostic aids, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Diagnostic aspiration, retinitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 45) 
Diagonal nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Dialysis
anterior, of the young, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
aqueous humor formation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
ocular complications, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Diamidines, aromatic, in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
Diamox. See Acetazolamide
Diathermy
in retinal tear treatment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
in scleral buckling, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
Diathesis, hemorrhagic, albinism and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Diatrizoate meglumine/sodium, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Diazepam (Valium)
neuroprotection of axons and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
in refractive keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 25) 
Diazoxide, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dibucaine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dichlorphenamide (Daranide). See also (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) See also Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dichoptic stimulation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Dichromats. See Color-defective vision
Diclofenac, for allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) See Nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Dicloxacillin, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in infectious eczematoid dermatitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
in Ritter’s disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Diencephalic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Diet. See Nutrition
deficiencies in. (See Malnutrition)
dermatitis herpetiformis and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC, Hetrazan); , (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in onchocerciasis diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Diethylpropion, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Differential light sensitivity, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Differential light threshold, in automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
sensitivity versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Diffractive bifocal intraocular lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68A) 
Diffuse angiokeratoma. See Fabry’s disease
Diffuse interface keratitis, after LASIK, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Diffuse reflection, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
fluorescein angiography of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
Diffusion, aqueous humor formation and composition, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Diflucan. See Fluconazole
Diflunisal. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Digenic retinitis pigmentosa, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Digital video oculography, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Digitoxin, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Digoxin, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dihexosyl ceramide metabolism, in Fabry disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Dihydroergotamine, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (Floropryl), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Diktyoma. See Medulloepithelioma
Dilacerated cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Dilantin. See Phenytoin sodium
Dilated pupil, fixed, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Dilator muscle, in Chandler syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Diltiazem, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Dimethylpolysiloxane, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
Dimethylsulfoxide, for Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
Dimness, sense of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Dinitrochlorobenzene, in human papillomavirus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 95) 
Diode laser photocoagulation, indocyanine green angiography and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
Diodoquin. See Iodoquinol (Diodoquin)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), in acute anaphylactic reaction, in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Diphenylhydantoin. See Phenytoin
Dipivefrin (dipivalyl epinephrine, Propine), effect on intraocular pressure, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Diplophthalmos, unilateral, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Diplopia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
in accommodative esodeviation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
after laser iridectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
disordered motility and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
fusional vergence amplitude and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
in myasthenia gravis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in orbital floor fracture, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
physiologic basis of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
postoperative, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
after scleral buckling, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
residual, after reoperation of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 98) 
small-angle, ghost images versus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
thyroid-associated, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) 
Dipyridamole, and diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
Direct immunofluorescence, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
in dermatologic disease diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
in viral infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
Direct ophthalmoscopy. See Ophthalmoscopy, direct
Disabilities, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Disc conditions. See Optic disc
Disc diffusion testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Disciform degeneration, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Disconnection color anomia, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Discrimination, visual, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33 ) 
contrast sensitivity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
spatial, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33 ) 
legible acuity, minimum, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
modulation transfer function. (See Modulation transfer function (MTF))
perceptible acuity and, minimum, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
separable acuity and, minimum, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
vernier acuity and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
visible acuity and, minimum, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Disc-shaped cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Disease. See also Infection(s); specific diseases
changes in extraocular muscles with, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
pathologic principles, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1 ) 
Disease susceptibility genes, HLA genes and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Disinfection
in microbiology laboratory, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 47) 
Disinsertion
inferior oblique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 87) 
scleral flap, glaucoma filtering surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
Dislocation of lens. See Ectopia lentis
Disorder of membrane channels, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 28) 
Disparity scaling, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) See also Binocular disparity
Disparity specificity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Dispersal of light, refractive index and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Dispersion, viscoelastic materials, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 9) 
Disseminated leishmaniasis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Dissimilar images tests, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
Dissimilar target tests, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
Dissociated hyperdeviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) See also Dissociated strabismus complex; Dissociated vertical deviations
Dissociated nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Dissociated strabismus complex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18 ) 
incidence and associations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
ocular manifestations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
quantification of dissociated vertical deviation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
treatment, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18 ) 
dissociated horizontal deviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
dissociated vertical deviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
nonsurgical management, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
Dissociated vertical deviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) See also Dissociated strabismus complex
in congenital esotropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
Dissociation, light-near
in Holmes-Adie’s pupil, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Dissolution rate of oral medications, bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Distance acuity, pantoscopic tilt and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 42) 
Distance horopter, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) See also Horopter
Distance of task, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Distributive equity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
Diuretics, for pseudotumor cerebri, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Diurnal rhythm
intraocular pressure, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
shedding of rods and cones, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Divergence insufficiency, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
"Divergence-retraction” nystagmus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Divergent wavefronts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Diverticuli, lacrimal sac, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
Diving, eye injuries from, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Dizziness, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18 ) 
clinical assessment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
brainstem auditory-evoked response in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
electronystagmography in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
office examination, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
hyperventilation and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
motion sickness and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
orthostatic hypotension and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
panic attacks and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
perilymphatic fistula and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
symptoms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
floating, swimming, rocking, spinning inside of head, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
vertigo, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) See also Vertigo
transient ischemic attacks and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
vestibular system overview, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18 ) 
DLS. See Dynamic light scattering
DNA. See Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA repair mechanisms, impaired, disorders associated with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Dolichoectasia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
carotid, optic neuropathy with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Donders, Franciscus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Dopamine. See also Catecholamine(s)
effect on catecholamine systems, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
in retinal neuromodulation, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Doppler ultrasound, of capillary hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Dorsal nasal artery, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Dorsal pathway, lesions of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22 ) 
Dorsal terminal nucleus, ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Dorzolamide (Trusopt); , (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) See also Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
additivity with other drugs, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
contraindications to, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Double elevator palsy
congenital fibrosis of inferior rectus muscle versus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
saccadic velocity in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
Double-plate shunt, 3–4, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
Double vision. See Diplopia
Down syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 56) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
anesthesia in child with, 3, 4; , (6) 81
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
ocular anomalies, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
surgery in child with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
Downward gaze. See under Gaze
Doxepin, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Doxycycline
in blepharitis
in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in inclusion conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
in meibomianitis, in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
for rickettsial disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 58) 
for staphylococcal blepharitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Doyne honeycomb choroiditis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Drance hemorrhage, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Drault bundle, embryology of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Driving, multifocal intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68A) 
Droperidol
intraoperative dosage and administration of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
postoperative administration of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Drosophila visual system, genetics of, lessons from, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19A) 
Drug abuse, as teratogenic, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 39) 
Drugs. See also See also Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology; specific drugs; specific drugs and drug types
for Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
administration with therapeutic hydrogel lenses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
affecting ocular blood flow, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
allergy to, immunopathology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 34) 
alpha-adrenergic, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) See also Alpha–agonists; Alpha–antagonists
anticholinergic, side effects of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
anti-inflammatory, nonsteroidal. (See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs))
antimicrobial and antibiotic
in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
for anaerobic infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 57) 
for endophthalmitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
fortified, extemporaneously compounded, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 39) 
intravitreal injection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
for lacrimal apparatus infections, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
for lid infections, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
methods of administration of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
in mycobacterial infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 56) 
ocular pharmacology of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 100 ) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
periocular injection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
resistance to, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
gram-negative bacilli and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
in rickettsial disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 58) 
routes of administration, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
susceptibility testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
systemic administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
aqueous humor and
aqueous humor formation and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
bioavailability of. ( See Bioavailability)
cellular binding of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
cholinergic. ( See Cholinergic(s))
choroidal atrophy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
cicatrization induced by, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
corneal alterations caused by, pigmentation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
cycloplegics. (See Cycloplegic agents)
derivatives, deposition in conjunctiva, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
dosage of, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
fixed dilated pupil, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
for genetic diseases, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
interactions in anesthesia, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
non-steady-state alterations of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
steady-state alterations of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
metabolism of, in systemic therapy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
miotics. (See Miotics)
myasthenia-like syndromes from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
nystagmus induced by, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
ocular side effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 42) 
ocular toxicity. (See Toxicology)
ophthalmic medications, interaction with anesthetics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
optic neuropathies from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
parasympatholytic, side effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
parasympathomimetic, side effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
perioperative management of, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
polyarteritis nodosa and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 33) 
preanesthetic review, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
preoperative
before penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
preservatives, hydrogel lenses and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
pseudotumor cerebri and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
retinopathy due to, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 33 ) 
sympathomimetic, (3) 43: 46
in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43 ) 
tear secretion and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
therapeutic uses, side effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 42) 
topical
access to retina, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43 ) 
toxic epidermal necrolysis due to, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
visual hallucinations due to, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
vortex keratopathy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Dry eye syndrome(s). See also Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
contact lens causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
DSCI. See Deep sclerectomy with collagen implant
DSVC. See Deep sclerectomy with viscocanalostomy
D1trisomy. (See Patau’s syndrome)
Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20)  (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13)  (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
classification of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
clinical presentation of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
combined horizontal and vertical, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
congenital labyrinthine deafness with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
Goldenhar’s syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Klippel-Feil anomaly with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
nonocular abnormalities associated with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
saccadic velocity in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
surgery for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96 ) 
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
lateral rectus muscle recession, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
medial rectus muscle recession, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
posterior fixation suture, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
vertical rectus and inferior oblique weakening procedures, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
vertical rectus muscle transposition, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
Y-splitting procedure, 5, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
Duane syndrome, surgery to correct, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
lateral rectus muscle posterior fixation suture, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
rectus muscles, ipsilateral recessions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
vertical rectus, inferior oblique muscle weakening procedures, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
Y-splitting procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 96) 
Ductal eccrine carcinoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Duction test, forced. See Forced duction test
Ductopapillary apocrine carcinoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Dural arteriovenous fistula, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Dural arteriovenous malformations, endovascular interventions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Dural cavernous fistula, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Dural-sinus fistula, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
Dural venous sinus thrombosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Duration and frequency of light stimulus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Durham tonometer, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 47) 
Dwarf eye. See Nanophthalmos
Dwarfism, polydystrophic. See Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
Dyclonine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Dyes
fluorescein. (See Fluorescein)
ophthalmic, systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
in test for toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Dynamic light scattering (DLS), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
Dynamic lines, lid, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Dysbetalipoproteinemia, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Dyschromatopsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) See also Color vision defects
with fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Dyscrasias
blood. (See Blood dyscrasias; Retinopathy of blood dyscrasias)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-induced, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
Dysgeneses. See also Congenital anomalies
glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) See also Glaucoma, developmental
iridocorneal mesodermal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
trabecular meshwork, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
Dysgerminomas, chiasmal syndromes, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Dyskeratoma, warty, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Dyskeratosis palmoplantaris. See Schafer’s syndrome
Dysmetropsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
macropsia, metamorphopsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Dysmorphic sialidosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Dysostosis
Crouzon’s craniofacial, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Dysplastic nevus syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
Dysthyroidism. See also Graves’ disease; Thyroid disorders
chemodenervation in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
Dystonia
blepharospasm-oromandibular, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Dystopia
canthal
after eyelid surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
in craniofacial syndromes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Dystrophies
central areolar
pigment epithelial, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
chorioretinal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
generalized, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B ) 
hereditary. (See also specific type)
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B ) 
corneal, (3) 9: 21–39. See also Cornea, dystrophies
foveomacular, adult type, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
Fuchs’, (1)63: 3, 15–16
macular. (See Macular dystrophy(ies))
map-dot-fingerprint, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
microcystic, band-shaped and whorled, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
muscular, Duchenne’s, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
pigment
butterfly-shaped, molecular genetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
progressive, of Waardenburg and Jonkers, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
stromal, (3) 9: 24, 32
vascular, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
vitelliform, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) See also Best’s vitelliform macular dystrophy
vitreotapetoretinal, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
Dystrophy
Best’s vitelliform macular, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 53) 
central areolar pigment epithelial, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
congenital hereditary endothelial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
corneal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16 ) 
anterior mosaic crocodile shagreen, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
central crystalline, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Chandler’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
congenital hereditary endothelial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
congenital hereditary stromal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
gelatinous droplike, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Grayson-Wilbrandt, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
idiopathic band keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
map-dot-fingerprint, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
superficial keratectomy in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
marginal crystalline, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
noninflammatory ectasias, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
pellucid marginal degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
polymorphic stromal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
posterior amorphous stromal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
posterior mosaic crocodile shagreen, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
pre-Descemet’s membrane, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Reis-Bucklers’, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
superficial keratectomy in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
corneoretinal, Biett’s crystalline, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
crystalline, Bietti’s corneoretinal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
fovea
butterfly-shaped pigment of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
dominant progressive, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
foveomacular pigment epithelial, adult-onset, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
hereditary. (See Hereditary macular dystrophies)
hereditary hemorrhagic, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Lefler-Wadsworth-Sidbury, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
macular, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
benign concentric annular, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
cystoid, dominant, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
dominant slowly progressive, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
fenestrated sheen, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
myotonic. (See Myotonic dystrophy)
posterior polymorphous, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
pseudoinflammatory, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
retinal, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) See also Choroideremia
retinal pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9 ) 
rod-cone, pericentral, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Sjorgren’s reticular, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
vitelliruptive macular, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 

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Subject Index E
Eagle minimal essential medium, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Ear infection
anesthesia in child with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
facial nerve and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
Early receptor potential (ERP), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity chart, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Eaton-Lambert syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
EBV. See Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
“E” card, in visual acuity testing, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Eccentric gaze-holding mechanism, nystagmus, disturbance of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Ecchymosis
conjunctival, in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
eyelid, pediatric orbital disorders causing, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Eccrine acrospiroma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Eccrine glands, of lids, tumors of
ECF-A. See Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
Echography. See also Ultrasonography
of capillary hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
for ocular measurements, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Echothiophate iodide (Phospholine Iodide), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
in accommodative esodeviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
additivity with ocular hypotensives, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
interaction with anesthetics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
lacrimal canaliculi and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
perioperative management of, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Echothiophate (Phospholine iodide), side effects of, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Economic issues, in ocular trauma, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
Ectatic dilation. See Aneurysms, fusiform
Ecthyma contagiosum, lids in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Ecthyma gangrenosum, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Ectoderm, neural and surface, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Ectopia lentis et pupillae, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Ectopic lacrimal gland, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Eczematoid dermatitis, infectious, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 49) 
Edema. See also Angioedema; Disc swelling
choroidal. (See Effusions, ciliochoroidal)
corneal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A ) 
with bandage lens use, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
Bowman’s layer cautery in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
cataract surgery and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
clinical entities, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A ) 
in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
conjunctival flap in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
from contact lens, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
contrast sensitivity and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
control of contributing factors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
diabetic vitrectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 57) 
in Down’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in endothelial disease, primary, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
epithelial, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
foreign bodies and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
in Fuch’s dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
glare sensitivity and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
graft rejection versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
intraocular pressure and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
with normal endothelial function, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
penetrating keratoplasty for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) See also Keratoplasty, penetrating
persistent epithelial defect and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
in posterior polymorphous dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
trauma and, mechanical, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
disciform, in herpetic keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 39) 
macular
corticosteroids in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
in diabetic retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113D) 
pseudophakia versus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113D) 
optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
postoperative, NSAIDs and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
macular. (See Cystoid macular edema; Macula, edema)
optic nerve, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 16) See also Disc swelling; Papilledema
optic nerve head, in malignant hypertension, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
papilledema. (See Papilledema)
residues, in hypertensive retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
subconjunctival, scleral rupture and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Edrophonium (Tensilon) test
in myasthenia gravis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
in ptosis of lids, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
EDTA. See Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
Edwards’ syndrome. See Trisomy 18
Effectivity principle, spectacle lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Efference copy, eye movements and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Efferent system
Efficiency
in health economics, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
EFI. See Epithelial-fiber interface
Ehlers-Danlos’ syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Eighth cranial nerve, neuroma. See Acoustic neuroma
Einephrine
corneal alterations caused by, pigmentation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Einstein, Albert, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Elastic fibers, scleral, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
Elasticity of skin, disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Elastin, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
in zonular microfibrillar system, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 14) 
Elastorrhexis. See Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Elderly. See also Age/aging
Electrical injury, cataract with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Electrical shock, cataract due to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Electrical signals, of retina and visual cortex, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13 ) 
Electrical stimulation, phosphenes created by, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
Electroencephalography. See also Visual evoked potential (VEP)
Electromagnetic energy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
in gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
Electrolytes, in lens, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Electrolyte secretion, mechanism of water and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2A) 
Electromagnetic scleral search coil, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Electromagnetic spectrum, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
Electromyography
in Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
in progressive external ophthalmoplegia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Electronic cap monitor, in compliance evaluation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 24) 
Electron microscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
cell preparation for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 35) 
of extraocular muscle fibers, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
of oligodendrocytes, optic nerve, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 25) 
of rods and cones, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
in viral infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
Electronystagmography
in dizzy patient, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
vestibular system assessment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
Electro-oculography (EOG), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 9) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
in autosomal dominant fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in benign concentric annular macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in dominant cystoid macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in familial drusen, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in familial foveal retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in fenestrated sheen macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
optokinetic nystagmus
sixth nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
in pattern dystrophy of pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in progressive cone-rod dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in rod monochromaticism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
saccadic velocity measurements, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
in Sjorgren’s reticular dystrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in Stargardt’s disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Electrophysiology tests, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
electroretinography, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
focal electroretinography, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
multifocal electroretinography, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
multifocal visual evoked potentials, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
pattern electroretinography, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
standard (full-field) electroretinography, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
visual evoked potentials, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Electroretinogram (ERG), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
“bright flash, ”, (2) 103: 9
in cases of decreased vision and nystagmus since birth, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
corneal recordings, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
early receptor potential, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
examination methods, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
extracellular intraretinal recordings, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
in generalized degeneration of retina, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
intracellular recordings, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
in known hereditary degeneration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
methods of localizing components, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
oscillatory potentials, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
recording configurations, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
in retinal disease assessment, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
scotopic threshold response, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
standardized protocol, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
stimulus conditions, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
subjective complaints outweighing findings, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
in vascular occlusions, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
Electroretinography (ERG), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5)  (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 24 ) 
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
with autosomal dominant fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
in benign concentric annular macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in central retinal vein occlusion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
clinical applications, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5 ) 
in dominant optic atrophy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
early receptor response, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
in familial foveal retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in fenestrated sheen macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
frequency-based, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
in fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in hypoperfusion retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
intensity response functions, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
international standards, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
in Leber’s congenital amaurosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
long-duration flashes, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
photopic negative response, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
photoreceptor current, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
photoresponse model, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
in progressive cone-rod dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in retinal artery obstruction, central, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
in retinal disease diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
in rod monochromaticism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
scotopic threshold response, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
standard (full-field), (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in Stargardt’s disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
time series-based, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
in visual loss, organic vs. functional, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 5) 
in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Elejalde syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Eletriptan for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Elevator deficiencies, 27–29
Elevator palsy, congenital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
ELISA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Ellingson (UGH) syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54G) 
intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
Elliptic nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
Elschnig pearls, postoperative, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Embolization, cavernous sinus tumor, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
EMBP. See Eosinophil granule major basic protein
Embryology, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
aqueous outflow pathways, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Bowman’s membrane, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Bruch’s membrane, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
ciliary body
fine structure of epithelia, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
stromal and vascular components, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
conjunctival and lid glands, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
connective tissue coats
craniofacial anomalies, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41 ) 
early morphogenesis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
iris, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
neuroectodermal constituents, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
tunica vasculosa lentis, pupillary membrane, and stroma, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
malformations. (See Developmental anomalies; specific type)
nasolacrimal drainage apparatus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
neuroectodermal layers
pigment epithelium, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
origins of ocular tissue, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
periocular mesenchyme and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 3 ) 
pupillary membrane, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Schlemm’s canal, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
sequence of ocular development, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
trabecular meshwork, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. See Rhabdomyosarcoma
Embryonic cataract, anterior axial, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Embryonic plate, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Embryopathy, infectious, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Emergent light, in retinoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 37 ) 
Emissary canals, sclera, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
Emphysema, orbital, proptosis in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 28) 
Empirical horopter, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) See also Horopter
Employees, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Empty sella syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Encephalocele
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) 
Encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated, optic neuritis and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Encephalopathy
subacute necrotizing, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis. See Sturge-Weber syndrome
Endarterectomy, carotid, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Endocapsular posterior chamber lens, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
Endocardiosis, verrucal, degenerative, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
Endocarditis
infective, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
prophylaxis
surgery in children and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
infective, ocular abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
nonbacterial thrombotic, ocular abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
thrombotic, nonbacterial, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
thrombotic, nonbacterial, ocular abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
Endocrine diseases. See also specific disease
Endocrine disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) 
hypothalamic gliomas and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
multiple endocrine neoplasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) 
parathyroid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) See also Parathyroid disorders
pituitary, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) See also Pituitary gland
thyroid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) See also Thyroid disorders
Endocrine neoplasia, multiple. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Endocytosis, P. aeruginosa, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
Endodiathermy. See Diathermy
Endolaser cyclophotocoagulation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
Endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24)  (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 40) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64)  (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3)  (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 11) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
Acremonium, (Volume 4, Chapter 55 ) 
after intravitreal injections, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
anti-inflammatory therapy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
bacterial, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
antibiotics in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) See also Endophthalmitis, antibiotic therapy
Blastomyces dermatitidis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 11) 
chronic postoperative, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
clinical features of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
clinical presentation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
conjunctival filtering bleb-associated, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
crystalline lens management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
endophthalmitis vitrectomy study, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
infectious
delayed, uveitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
intraocular lens-related inflammations and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 41) 
intravitreal antibiotics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
iridocyclitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 42) 
malignant-like glaucoma in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
microbial
epidemics and outbreaks, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
pathogenic mechanisms of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
periocular antibiotic therapy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
postoperative, 2; (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55)  (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
after cataract extraction, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
after refractive surgery, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
after retinal reattachment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
antimicrobial prophylaxis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
penetrating keratoplasty and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
diabetic vitrectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 57) 
incidence, preoperative antibiotic effects on, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
radial keratotomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
sources, preoperative culture testing and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
retained lens fragments and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 65) 
shunt extrusion and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
Sporothrix schenckii, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 11) 
surgical asepsis in prevention, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
therapeutic challenges of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
tissue plasminogen activator, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
tissue plasminogen activator in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
tissue transplantation material and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
topical antibiotic therapy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
treatment modalities, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
ultrasonography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
uveal melanoma and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
vitrectomy causing, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
Endophythalmitis, infectious, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
acute postoperative endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
acute postoperative infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
antimicrobial therapy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
choice of antimicrobial agent, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
intraocular injections, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
subconjunctival injections, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
systemic antimicrobials, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
topical antimicrobials, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
clinical presentation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
coagulase-negative staphylococci, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
delayed-onset postoperative infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
management strategies, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
organism, outcome by, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
propionibacterium acnes, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
staphylococcus aureus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
Endoretinal biopsy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 45) 
Endothelial blebs, contact lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Endothelial cell count, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
Endothelial cell damage, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
Endothelial cells, contact lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Endothelial rejection line, in corneal graft rejection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
Endotoxin, gram-negative bacilli, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
Endovascular interventional procedures, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
End-point (physiologic) nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Enophthalmos, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
differential diagnosis of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
in Horner’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Entamoeba histolytica, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Enteritis, regional. See Crohn’s disease
Enterobacter aerogenes, corneal ulcers, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Enterococci
endophthalmitis from, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
vancomycin-resistant, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
Enterococcus faecalis, (2) 41: 8; 49: 4, 7
infectious endophthalmitis and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
Enterococcus faecium, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 49) 
Entero-Vioform. See Iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol)
Enterovirus 70, eye movements with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Entoptic imagery, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20 ) 
blue arcs of the retina, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
neural adaptation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
photoreceptor directional sensitivity and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
retinal circulation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
retinal pigmentation effects on, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
Entoptic perimetry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
Entoptic visualization, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 20) 
Entrance pupil, aperture and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Enucleation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 82 ) 
anophthalmic socket, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83 ) 
complications, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 109) 
dermal fat graft and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
hydroxyapatite implant and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
nonvascularized implant and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
dermal fat graft in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
historical development, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
implant, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
extrusion, surgical management, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
insertion
hydroxyapatite implant, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
nonvascularized implant, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
selection. (See also Implants, orbital)
for melanoma, posterior uveal, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 70 ) 
hydroxyapatite integrated orbital implant in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 70) 
“no touch” method, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 70) 
relative indications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 70) 
modified, for conjunctival tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
surgical techniques, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83 ) 
in sympathetic ophthalmia, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 51) 
Environment, retinal blood flow and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Environmental factors, ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
Environmental surveillance, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Enzyme-conjugated stains, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Enzyme immunoassay, in follicular conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
Enzyme inhibitors, in corneal ulcers, bacterial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
for Toxoplasma gondii, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
in viral infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
Enzymes
antioxidant
cataract risk reduction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
replacement therapy in gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
EOG. See Electro-oculography/oculogram (EOG)
Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A), in inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Eosinophil granule major basic protein (EMBP), in inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Eosinophilia
angiolymphoid hyperplasia with. (See Kimura’s disease)
in Churg-Strauss syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Eosinophil(s)
in conjunctival scrapings, in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
in immune response, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Ephaptic transmission, in facial nerve, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Ephedrine
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Epibulbar osseous choristoma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
Epicanthal folds, repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Epidemic ocular infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
adenovirus conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Epidemic typhus, 2, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 58) 
Epidemiology
of ocular infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43)  (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 65) See also specific infections
burden of disease and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
case-comparison studies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
correlational studies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
descriptive studies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
disease frequency and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
emergence of ophthalmic epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
epidemics and outbreaks, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
experimental studies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
features and determinants of common infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
laboratory criteria, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
population sampling, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
transmission of disease and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Epidermal growth factor, and lens of eye, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
Epidermal inclusion cyst, of eyelid, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
Epidermal inclusion cysts, milia, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Epidermoid cysts, of orbit, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) See also Ichthyosis
Epifrin. See Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Epilepsy. See Seizures
Epinephrine (adrenaline), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56)  (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) See also Catecholamine(s)
for acute anaphylactic reaction, in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
aqueous humor drainage, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
aqueous humor formation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
aqueous humor outflow and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
effect on catecholamine systems, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
interaction with anesthetics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
with local anesthetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
side effects of, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Epiphora, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
acute versus chronic, treatment, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
baseline tear production and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
conventional x-ray films and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
dacryocystography in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
diagnostic techniques for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
in lacrimal drainage system disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13 ) 
lacrimal sac pressure, application, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
lacrimal scintigraphy in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
open nasal space syndrome with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Episclera. See Sclera and episclera
melanosis, differential diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
Epitarsus, coloboma and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. See Map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy
Epithelial cells
in cytologic examination, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
in wound healing, 2, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Epithelial cysts, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Epithelial dystrophy
basement membrane, 2–3, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
juvenile, Meesmann’s, 3–5, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
Epithelial edema, from contact lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Epithelial erosions
bandage lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
Epithelial-fiber interface (EFI), (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Epithelial inclusion cyst, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
Epithelial inclusion cyst, conjunctival, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Epithelial keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 97) 
punctate, in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in staphylococcal lid infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Epithelial keratopathy
subepithelial keratopathy combined with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Epithelial lesions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Epithelial microcysts, punctate, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Epithelial rejection line, in corneal graft rejection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
Epithelioid hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Epithelioid histiocytes, inflammation and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
Epithelioid melanoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
Epithelioma
calcifying, Malherbe’s, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Epithelium. See also Pigment epithelium
ciliary
junction of nonpigmented and pigmented, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
corneal. (See Cornea, epithelium)
cutaneous, benign tumors of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
downgrowth, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 19) 
after cataract extraction, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
ingrowth, after LASIK, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
lacrimal system, tumors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
of lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
decompensation, in age-related cataract, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
healing, after epikeratophakia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 103) 
ocular surface, host defense against bacterial and fungal disease and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Epitrate. See Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Eppy/N. See Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Epsilon-Aminocaproic acid, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) 
EPTFE. See Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Equestrian sports, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Equidistance horopter, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) See also Horopter
Equivalent background, adaptation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Equivalent light hypothesis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Erectile agent, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
ERG. See Electroretinography/Electroretinogram
Ergonomic tactics to prevent visual fatigue, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Ergonovine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Ergotamine, for cluster headache, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Ergot derivatives
for prolactinomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Erosions, corneal
in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
ERP (early receptor potential), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Eruptive syringomas, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Erythema migrans, in Lyme disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
Erythema nodosum leprosum, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 56) 
Erythrocyte(s), ghost, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
in orbital inflammation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Erythromycin, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
for chlamydial infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
in corneal ulcers, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
fortified topical preparation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
in inclusion conjunctivitis
in infectious eczematoid dermatitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
for ophthalmia neonatorum, chlamydial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
ophthalmic preparation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 39) 
pharmacologic action, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 39) 
prophylactic, neonatal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
in Ritter’s disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
subconjunctival dose, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Escherichia coli, corneal ulcers, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Escherichia coli, contact lenses and
Eserine. See Physostigmine
Eserine Sulfate. See Physostigmine
Esodeviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) See also Esotropia
accommodative, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12)  (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
clinical investigation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
cycloplegic refraction in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
fusional divergence amplitude in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
sensory and motor complications, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
Duane retraction syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Esofixation disparity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Esotropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
accommodative, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12)  (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
direct-acting muscarinic agonists in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
indirect-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Bagolini striated glasses test in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
chromosomal disease and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
cyclic esotropia, 58–59
dissociated horizontal deviation and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
surgical options, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 18) 
divergence insufficiency estropia, 58
in Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
with high AC/A ratio, Fadenoperation in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91) 
with impaired sight, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
late-onset, strabismic amblyopia and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 54) 
in Mobius syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
nystagmus blockage syndrome. (See Nystagmus, blockage syndromein)
oblique muscle overaction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 17) 
in Pierre Robin syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
prism adaptation testing in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
progressive estropia with nyopia, 59
sensory, surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in strabismus fixus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84 ) 
in accommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in acquired nonaccommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
anesthetic considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
associated conditions and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
complications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in acquired nonaccommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in infantile esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partial accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partially accommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sensory esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sixth nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in A and V patterns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in congenital esotropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
contraindications
in acquired nonaccommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in infantile esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partial accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partially accommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sensory esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sixth nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in A and V patterns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
with impaired sight, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
indications
in acquired nonaccommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in infantile esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partial accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partially accommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sensory esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sixth nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in A and V patterns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in infantile esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
operative considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
postoperative considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
preoperative considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
procedure
in acquired nonaccommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in infantile esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partial accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partially accommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sensory esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sixth nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in A and V patterns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
results
in acquired nonaccommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in infantile esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partial accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in partially accommodative esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in A and V patterns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sensory esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in sixth nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
size of deviation and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
type of procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
in A and V patterns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
A and V patterns, surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 84) 
Worth 4-dot test in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
Essential hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Estropia, acute acquired, 57–58
ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) visual acuity chart, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Ethambutol
ophthalmic side effects, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 58) 
optic neuropathy from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in tuberculosis, blepharitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Ethanol. See also Alcohol
dependence. (See Alcoholism)
for permanent local anesthesia, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
Ethchlorvynol
optic neuropathy from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Ether, discovery of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Ether theory of light, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Ethics, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 68 ) 
medicine as moral practice, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 68) 
of patient’s desire for unnecessary surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 68) 
of patient’s knowledge of which surgeon will perform surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 68) 
relation to ophthalmology, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 68) 
of sight versus life, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 68) 
of sports medicine, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Ethmoidal arteries, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
Ethmoidal foramina, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
Ethmoidal mucopyocele, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Ethmoid exenteration, in orbital decompression, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Ethmoiditis, spheno-ethmoiditis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Ethoxzolamide, systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
in contact lens care, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
Ethylene oxide, in laboratory disinfection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 47) 
Ethylenimine derivatives, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
Etretinate
Eutonyl. See Pargyline
Evaporation
corneal edema and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
Evaporative dry eye, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
inflammatory dry eye, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
lid aperture, lid/globe congruity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
meibomian gland disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Eversion
of lacrimal puncta, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
lid. (See Ectropionof)
Evisceration, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 82) See also Enucleation
anophthalmic socket and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
implants, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) See also Implants, orbital
Evoked potentials. See Visual evoked potential (VEP)
EVP. See Episcleral venous pressure
Ewing sarcoma. See Sarcoma, Ewing’s
Examination
of children, in congenital motor and sensory anomalies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13 ) 
neuro-ophthalmologic, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2)  (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14 ) 
in acquired visual loss in childhood, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
anatomic and physiologic considerations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
field of vision and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
binocular fusion, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in comatose patients, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
confrontation methods, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
contrast sensitivity, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
electrophysiologic measurements, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
factitious fields, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
forced duction test in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
intraocular tension in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
for ocular motility, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3 ) 
in comatose patients, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
in orbital disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 29 ) 
perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) See also Perimetry
photostress test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
pupillary light response, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
symptoms as diagnostic clues, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Valsalva maneuver in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
preoperative
in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
psychological considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
orbital surgery and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
Excessively leaking blebs, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Excimer laser, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 47) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) See also Argon lasers
photorefractive keratectomy, videokeratography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
Excimer laser ablation system, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 49) 
Excimer laser technology, for lamellar keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
Excipients
in oral medications
bioavailability and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 32) 
bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
in topical medications
bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
protein binding sites and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
Excitotoxicity, optic nerve and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 21) 
Executive bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
Exenteration, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 82) 
anophthalmic socket, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
ethmoid, in orbital decompression, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
orbital
in conjunctival tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
retinoblastoma and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 109) 
uveal melanoma and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 70) 
orbital reconstruction and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 82) 
Exercise
eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
and pigment dispersion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
vestibular, for disequilibrium, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
Exfolidating apical cells, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Exodeviations. See also Exotropia
Exofixation disparity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Exogenously derived causes, cataracts associated with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Exophoria, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
fusional convergence amplitudes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
fusional divergence amplitudes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
Exophthalmos
craniofacial anomalies, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in craniostenoses, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in Crouzon’s craniofacial dysostosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Crouzon’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Graves’ disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) See also Graves’ disease; Thyroid disordersin
intermittent, in orbital varices, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
in thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
in thyrotoxicosis ophthalmoplegia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Exophytic retinoblastoma, 3, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 21) 
Exotropia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
Bagolini striated glasses test in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
and chromosomal anomalies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
in Duane retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
with high AC: A ratio, Fadenoperation in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91) 
in progressive external ophthalmoplegia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
tonic vergences, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
in vertical retraction syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Experimental allergic encephalitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Exposure keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Expressivity, genetic, defined, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
Extending the field in indirect ophthalmology, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
External carotid artery, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
External limiting membrane, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
External ophthalmoplegia. See Ophthalmoplegia(s), external
External scleral sulcus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
External tarsal aponeurectomy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Extirpation, denervation and, inferior oblique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 87) 
Extorsion, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Harada-Ito procedure for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 97) 
Extracellular components, in wound healing, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Extracellular recordings, intraretinal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass surgery, in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Extrageniculate visual systems, functional anatomy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 34) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Extramacular binocular fusion reflex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Extranodal B-cell marginal zone lymphoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
Extraocular movements, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Extraocular muscles, (1)38: 2–5. See also specific muscles; See Muscles, extraocular
action, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
amplitude of rotation of eye and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
cohesiveness of muscle and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
direction of muscle pull and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
innervation to horizontal muscles and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
innervation to vertical muscles and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
muscle stiffness and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
for positions away from primary position, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
primary and secondary, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
sideslip over globe and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
stability of muscle planes in orbit and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
depolarizing nicotinic antagonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
in Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
fine structure, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23 ) 
changes with age and disease and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
differences in tension and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
muscle fiber orientation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
single and multiple innervation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
indirect-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
mechanical properties, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
microscopic anatomy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 31 ) 
myotendinous endings, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
nerves, (1)32: 15–16; 31: 10, 28–33
central innervation patterns and coordination, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
orbital fascial system and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
strabismus surgery and. (See Surgery, strabismus)
Extraocular muscles in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Extraperiosteal orbitotomy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) See also Orbitotomy
Extrapyramidal system, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
Extrastriate cortex. See also Visual cortex
Extubation, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Exudates, retinal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) See also Cottonwool spots, retinal
in autosomal vitreoretinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
in diabetic retinopathy, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
Exudative detachment of retina
in cytomegalovirus retinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
in kidney disease, 2, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
postoperative, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 16) 
after scleral buckling, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
Exudative retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Eye. See also Ocular
face safety program and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
growth of, infantile phases, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 34) 
immunology of skin diseases that affect, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29 ) 
metastatic cancer to. (See Metastatic cancer to eye and adnexa)
narrow-angled, gonioscopic evaluation of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
onchocerciasis and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 62) 
as optical system, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 34) 
pulmonary disorders and. (See Pulmonary disorders, eye in)
Eye-associated lymphoid tissue, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Eyeball. See also Eye movement(s)
anterior segment of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
craniofacial anomalies and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
geometric axis of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
palpation, in intraocular pressure estimation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
posterior segment of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
rupture, traumatic, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
sideslip of muscles over, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
surface anatomy of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
Eyeball axes, ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Eye Bank Association of America, on antimicrobial prophylaxis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
Eye charts
in contrast sensitivity testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
in visual acuity evaluation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Eye coordination, adjustment in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Eye drops. See also specific type
lacrimal canaliculi and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
preservatives, side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
volume, and bioavailability, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Eye examinations for environmental and medical surveillance, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Eyelashes. See Lashes
Eyelashes, host defenses and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Eyelid manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Eyelids. See Lid(s)
Eyelids in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Eye medication
topical, adverse effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Eye medicine, traditional, blindness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 53) 
Eye-movement hypothesis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Eye movements, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
cerebellar influences, eye movements, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
cerebellar lesions, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
cerebral control of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
conjugate horizontal movements, motor commands for, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
cranial nerves, anatomy of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
fixatuon mechanism, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
gaze, common disturbances of, with hemispheric lesions, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
gaze-evoked nystagmus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
horizontal gaze, brainstem control of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
interstitial nucleus of Cajal, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
medial longitudina fasciculus, rostral interstitial nucleus of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
medical longitudinal fasciculus, lesions of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
medical vestibular nuclei (MVN), lesions involving, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
nystagmus
caused by disturbance of visual fixation mechanism, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
caused by vestibular disturbances, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
eccentric gaze-holding mechanism, disturbance of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
multiple sclerosis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
scheme for interpreting, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
toluene intoxication, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
of uncertain origin, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
ocular motor periphery, extraocular muscles, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
one-and-a-half syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
optokinetic eye movements, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
orbital contents, anatomy of, rotations of eyes, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
periodic alternating nystagmus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
pons and medulla on horizontal gaze, lesions of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
smooth pursuit eye movements, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
vertical vestibular and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
superior colliculus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
vergence eye movements, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
brainstem control, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
disorders of vergence, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
vergence movements, motor commands for, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
vertical gaze
brainstem control of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
effects of midbrain lesions on, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
visually elicited, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
full-threshold static perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
short wavelength automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Swedish interactive threshold algorithm, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Wallenberg’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Eye-opening apraxia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Eye position
basic geometry of. (See Ocular motility, basic geometry of eye positions and)
Eye protection
after penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
in blunt trauma prevention, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
ptosis surgery and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
sunglasses in. (See Sunglasses)
Eye safety practitioners, essential duties of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Eye surgery anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
anatomic perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
complications of ocular anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for corneal surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
facial nerve blocks, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
general anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for glaucoma surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for oculoplastic surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
parabulbar (sub-Tenon’s) anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
peribulbar anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for refractive surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
retrobulbar anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for strabismus surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
topical anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
for vitreoretinal surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Eye wall biopsy, diagnostic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 36) 
Eyeworm, African, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 

 Back to Top

Subject Index F
Fabry disease, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
metabolic defect, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Face
aging and disease states, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
angiomas, in Sturge-Weber syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
cellulitis, in infancy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
congenital diplegia. (See Mobius syndrome)
deformity syndromes, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
eye safety program and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
hemiatrophy. (See Parry-Romberg syndrome)
in mandibulofacial dysostosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
midface, trauma, nasolacrimal drainage and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
in oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in oculomandibulofacial dyscephaly, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in oculovertebral dysplasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in Pierre Robin syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Face-down position, and retinochoroidal infarction, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Face perception, disorders, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Face perception, disorders of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Face protectors. See also Sports medicine, protective devices
Facial-digital-genital syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
Facial dysmorphism, cataract associated with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Facial fissure, minimal, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Facial microsomia, (6)110: 10. See also Craniofacial anomalies
Facial nerve, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8)  (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 30) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
acoustic neuromas and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
anesthetic blocks. (See Anesthesia, facial nerve blocks)
autonomic function, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
blink reflex and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
childhood disorders, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
extramedullary segment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
eyelid opening disorders and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
facial neuromas and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
function, assessment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
hyperkinetic disorders, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
infranuclear segment, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
intramedullary segment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
intratemporal segment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
lesions
infranuclear intracranial, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
pseudobulbar palsy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
topical diagnoses of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
transtemporal bone, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
metastatic lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
microscopic anatomy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
motor evaluation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
myasthenia gravis and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
myotonic dystrophy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
nervus intermedius of Wrisberg, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
neuropathies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
herpes zoster cephalicus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
infectious mononucleosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
polyradiculopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
postimmunization, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
in orbital disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
in Paget’s disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
paralysis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) See also Bell’s palsy
acute porphyrias and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
eyelid surgery in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
facial neuromas and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
HIV infection and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
Lyme disease and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
in Mobius syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
physiologic facial synkineses and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
progressive hemifacial atrophy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
sarcoidosis and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
supranuclear segment, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
tear function and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
in Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Facial nerve blocks, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Facial nerve palsy, traumatic, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Facial nuclear reorganization, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Facial numbness, in trigeminal nerve dysfunction, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Facial Recognition Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Facial vein, anterior, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Facio-auriculovertebral spectrum. See Goldenhar’s syndrome
Factor V Leiden (activated protein C), functional resistance to, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Facultative parasite, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Fadenoperation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91 ) 
in congenital esotropia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91) 
in dissociated vertical deviation, 5, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91) 
in esotropia with high AC:A ratio, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91) 
exotropia with high AC:A ratio, (6)91: 6in
in nystagmus blockage syndrome, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 91) 
Faisceau isthmique, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
False-negative responses, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
False-positive responses, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Famciclovir
in herpes zoster keratouveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 39) 
for herpes zoster ophthalmicus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 94) 
in herpes zoster ophthalmicus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
mechanism of action, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 100) 
penetration and pharmacokinetics, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 100) 
for zoster uveitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
Familial adenomatous polyposis coli, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Familial chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
Familial fibrosis syndrome, congenital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Familial foveal retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Familial hemiplegic migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Familial Mediterranean fever, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Familial nephrophthisis, juvenile, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Family history, ophthalmic, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51 ) 
Faraday, Michael, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Farnsworth-Munsell tests, in color vision testing, (2)2: 15; (3) 6: 15–20
cerebral dyschromatopsia, (2)7: 25in
in optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Far point, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
in astigmatism, correction with spectacle lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
correction with spectacle lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
in hyperopia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
correction with spectacle lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Farsightedness. See Hyperopia
Fasanella-Servat, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Fascia
in lid reconstruction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
of muscles, fine structure of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Tenon’s. (See Tenon’s capsule)
Fascia bulbi. See Tenon’s capsule
Fascial sling/silicone procedures, in ptosis correction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
Fascicular cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Fascicular melanoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
Fas-Fas ligand, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
Fasting, preoperative, in children, (6)81: 6
FASTPAC full threshold strategy, in automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Fat embolism retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 32) 
Fatigue
color perception and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
perimetric testing and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Fatigue nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Fatty acids, in rod disc membranes, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Fechtner syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Fencing, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Fenoprofen. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Fentanyl, dosage and administration of, for children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Fermat principle, refraction and reflection and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Ferrocholinate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Ferrous fumarate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Ferrous gluconate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Ferrous succinate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Ferrous sulfate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Fetal (choroidal) fissure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Fetal development. See Embryology; specific aspect
Fetus
ocular teratology, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) See also Congenital abnormalities; Teratology
Fever
in children, anesthesia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
pharyngoconjunctival, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
purpuric, Brazilian, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
Fiber layer of Henle. See Outer plexiform layer (OPL)
Fibers
elongation of, in lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
primary, formation of, in lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
secondary, formation of, in lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
shape of, lens and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Fibrillary astrocytoma, optic nerve, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
Fibrillenstruktur fiber, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
Fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Fibrils. See also Zonular apparatus
anchoring, corneal, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
zonular microfibrils, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 14) 
Fibrin, formation
after diabetic vitrectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 57) 
after vitreous surgery, for proliferative vitreoretinopathy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 58) 
Fibrinogen, serum, and ischemic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Fibroblast growth factor
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Fibroblast growth factor receptor, in craniofacial syndromes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Fibrocystic disease of pancreas, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 24) 
Fibrocytes, choroidal, anatomy of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 22) 
Fibroepithelial papilloma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Fibroepithelial papilloma (acrochordon), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Fibroma, in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
Fibroma molluscum, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Fibromuscular dysplasia, retinal ischemia in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Fibronectin, in lens of eye, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
Fibro-osseous tumors, craniofacial, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 44) See also specific tumors
Fibroplasia, retrolental. See Retinopathy of prematurity (retrolental fibroplasia)
Fibrosclerosis, multifocal, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Fibrosis
around internal tube opening, tube shunts and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
diffuse subretinal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
ophthalmoscopy in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
subconjunctival, tube shunts and, (6)17: 13
subepithelial
in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in erythema multiforme, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Fibrosis syndromes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
congenital
of inferior rectus muscle, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
strabismus fixus and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
in thyrotoxicosis ophthalmoplegia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
vertical retraction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
Fibrous histiocytoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) See Histiocytoma, fibrous
Fibrovascular detachment, retinal pigment epithelium, optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
Fibrovascular proliferation, hyaloidal, anterior, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
Fibroxanthoma, atypical, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Field defects
after glaucoma surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
alexia associated with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
anatomic considerations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in chiasmal syndromes, 2, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in choroideremia, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
in craniopharyngioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
crescents of optic disc and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) See also Field of vision, in glaucoma
automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
blind spot changes, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
diffuse depression, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Doppler effect and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
localized nerve fiber bundle defects, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
patient evaluation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
in gliomas of chiasm, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
hemifield, abnormalities in remaining visual field with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
hemifield analysis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
with hyaline bodies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
intereye comparisons, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
malingering and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
numeric printouts, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
in optic nerve disease, acquired, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in optic nerve gliomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 42) 
in optic nerve hypoplasia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in optic neuritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in optic neuropathies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
ethambutol-induced, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
photocoagulation and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
physiologic considerations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in pituitary tumors, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
point-by-point comparisons, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
progression, assessment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
in progressive cone degenerations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in pseudotumor cerebri, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
reading ability affected by, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
in retinal arterial occlusion, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in retinal migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in striate lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
in temporal lobe lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
with temporal pits, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Field hockey, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Field of view
in direct ophthalmoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
in indirect ophthalmoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Field of vision. See Visual field
area of conscious regard and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
defects in. (See Field defects)
glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49)  (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 52) See also Field defects, in glaucomain
measurement methods, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) See also Perimetry
in thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Fifth cranial nerve. See Trigeminal nerve
Filiform dystrophy, deep, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Filter, red. See Red filter
Filtering bleb, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) 
endophthalmitis associated with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
failed, bacterial inflammation and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Filtering operations for glaucoma. See Glaucoma, filtering surgery
Filtration
guarded. (See Guarded filtration procedures)
overfiltration, tube shunts and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
Fimbriae. See Pili
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy. See Biopsy
Fireworks, eye injuries from, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 56) 
First Purkinje-Sanson image, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
First trimester ultrasound, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Fish-eye disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Fishing, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Fish-strike sign, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
Fissure(s), orbital
Fistula, arteriovenous, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
direct arteriovenous fistula, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
indirect arteriovenous fistula, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
management natural history, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fixation neurons, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Fixation procedures, in infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fixation reflex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 4) 
Fixed, dilated pupil, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Fixed-area tonometers, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Fixed-force tonometers, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
FK506. See Tacrolimus (FK506)
FK506, in ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
Flagella, gram-negative bacilli, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 52) 
Flame hemorrhages, in chronic glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Flap replacement, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 49) 
Flaps
conjunctival
in bacterial keratitis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
in bullous keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
closure, double-plate shunt placement and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
in corneal ulcerations, noninfected, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
fornix-based, dissection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
in fungal keratitis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
keratoplasty after, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
in preparation for cosmetic shell, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
in pterygium excision, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 35) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
hinged, in keratomileusis, 6, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 46) 
in lid reconstruction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88 ) 
myocutaneous, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
semicircle, lid coloboma and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
scleral, disinsertion, glaucoma filtering surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
skin, after lid repair, 25-27
sliding/rotation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
subcutaneous pedicle, 5, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
tarsoconjunctival, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Flare and cells, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 32) 
Flash electroretinogram, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
retinal physiology and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
Flashlight test, swinging, for light reflex. See Pupil of eye, light reflex
Flash visual evoked potential (FVEP), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 105) 
Flash visual evoked potentials, in visual function assessment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Flat anterior chamber, glaucoma surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Flat-top bifocals, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
Flecked retina syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Fleischer, corneal verticillata of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 21) 
Flieringa ring, in penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
Flies, Lyme disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
Flocculonodular lobe, eye movements and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Flocculus, ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Floor hockey, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Floppy eyelid syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 73) 
Floppy valve syndrome. See Mitral valve prolapse
Flora
nonbacterial, normal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
normal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41 ) 
as host defense against bacterial and fungal disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
preoperative antibiotic effects on, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
preoperative culture testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
Floriform cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Floropryl. See Isoflurophate (DFP, Floropryl)
Floxuridine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Fluconazole, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
intracameral administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
structural formula, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
subconjunctival administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
systemic administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
topical administration, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
Flucytosine, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
efficacy and spectrum of activity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
structural formula, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 62) 
Fludrocortisone
in orthostatic hypotension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
Fluid balance, ocular, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
Fluid management, intraoperative, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Fluid transport, corneal endothelial, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Flunarizine, neuroprotection of axons and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Fluorescein, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
aqueous humor circulation studies. (See Fluorophotometryin)
in lacrimal drainage evaluation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
use of, in eye with bandage lens, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
Fluorescein angiography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
abnormal vessels in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
anterior segment, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
conjunctival circulation, 4, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
episcleral arterial circle, 4, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
episcleral circulation, 4, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
in benign concentric annular macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
blocked fluorescence in, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of fovea, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in Candida endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in central areolar choroidal dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in central areolar pigment epithelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
chorioretinal dystrophies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B ) 
in chorioretinal folds, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
choroidal vascular disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
choroidal vessels in, hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
cilioretinal artery, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
cilioretinal artery obstruction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
in congenital optic pits, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
congenital stationary night blindness, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
crystalline retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
cysticercosis, (4)57: 27–28in
in cystoid macular edema, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
in cytomegalovirus retinitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
diabetic retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113D ) 
in diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20) 
in diffuse scleritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in dominant cystoid macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
dominant drusen of Bruch’s membrane, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
in dominant slowly progressive macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in Eales’ disease, 2–3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
in familial drusen, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in familial foveal retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
fiberoptics in, blood flow measurement, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
fundus camera in. (See Fundus camera)
fundus flavimaculatus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
in fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B ) 
in herpes zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in hypertensive choroidopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
in hypertensive retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
hypofluorescence in, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in hypoperfusion retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
ICG angiography versus. (See Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography)
in idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
of iris, in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
in ischemic optic neuropathy, common versus arteritic, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in macular disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
neuroretinopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
macular diseases
macular edema, diabetic retinopathy and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113D) 
pseudophakia versus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113D) 
in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
multifocal choroiditis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
in multifocal choroiditis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
in multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in necrotizing scleritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
in North Carolina macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
ocular ischemic syndrome, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
ophthalmic artery obstruction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
in ophthalmic artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
optic nerve disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
in pattern dystrophy of pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in pigment epithelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
pigment pattern dystrophies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
in posterior scleritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in progressive cone-rod dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
in pseudoxanthoma elasticum, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in radiation retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36A) 
in reticulum cell sarcoma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
retinal artery obstruction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
in retinal artery tortuosity, hereditary, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
of retinal hemangioma
of retinal macroaneurysm, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
of retinal macrovessels, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
in retinal pigment epitheliitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
of retinal pigment epithelium tears, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
in retinal telangiectasis, juxtafoveal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
retinal vein obstruction
retinitis pigmentosa, 2, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
in rod monochromaticism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
sarcoid retinal vasculitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
serpiginous choroiditis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
in serpiginous choroiditis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in Sjorgren’s reticular dystrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Stargardt’s disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
in Stargardt’s disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
transmitted fluorescence in, 3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
in vitelliform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
vitreotapetoretinal dystrophies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Fluorescein-conjugated stains, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fluorescein pattern, Soper keratoconus lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
Fluorescence microscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
fluorescein-conjugated stains, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
rhodamine-auramine, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fluorescent antibody test, indirect (IFA), in toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Fluorescent microscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fluorescent stains, in infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fluorometholone, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Fluorophotometry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 46) 
in measurement of aqueous formation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
diabetic vitrectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 57) 
glaucoma surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
in human papillomavirus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 95) 
risk of bleb-related infection and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
side effects and toxicity, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
Fluothane. See Halothane
Fluoxetine, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Fluprednisolone, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Flurazepam, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Flurbiprofen. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
for allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
for episcleritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
Flurometry, redox, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Flynn-Aird syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Foam cells, in Niemann-Pick disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Focal electroretinography, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Focal lengths, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
refractive power of reduced eye and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Focal length variability, lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71B) 
Focal photocoagulation of ciliary processes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 69B) 
Focal planes, infinite conjugates and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Focimeters. See Lensmeters
Foerster-Fuchs’ spots, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Fogging of glasses
in subjective refraction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 39 ) 
Folate, deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Folds
chorioretinal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
clinical correlation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
fluorescein angiography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
formation, mechanism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
ophthalmoscopy, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
retinal folds versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
choroidal, in papilledema, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
epicanthal, repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
retinal, chorioretinal folds versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Folic acid
Folic acid analogs, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) See also Methotrexate
Folic acid antagonists, teratogenicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 39) 
Follicle, microanatomy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
Follicle center cell lymphoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
Follicles, conjunctival, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) 
Follicular carcinoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Follicular carcinomas, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Follicular conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) See also Conjunctivitis, follicular
Follicular cysts, “hybrid, ”, (3) 7: 16
Follicular keratosis, inverted, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Fomivirsen (Vitravene), intravitreal, in cytomegalovirus retinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), intraocular lenses and, for use in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 101) 
Food poisoning, facial paralysis in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
Football, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Foot pedals, positioning, in microsurgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Foramina, scleral, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
anterior scleral foramen, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
posterior scleral foramen, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
Forced choice test
contrast sensitivity and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
Forehead
aging and disease states, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
Foreign bodies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
choroiditis caused by, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 62) 
corneal, under contact lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
intraocular
computed tomography of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
removal, vitrectomy for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
introduced during cataract extraction, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
iritis caused by, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 62) 
iron, fixed dilated pupil, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
siderosis and, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
surgery
penetrating injuries and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 66) 
preoperative evaluation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 66) 
vitreous, ultrasonography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
Foreign body giant cell, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
Foreign body granulomas, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
Form perception, in blindsight, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Fornix-based conjunctival flap, dissection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Fornix foreshortening, in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Fornix incision, in rectus muscle surgery
recession procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83 ) 
resection procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83 ) 
Forsius-Eriksson syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Forskolin, aqueous humor formation and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Fort Bragg fever. See Leptospirosis
Fortification spectrum, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate hexahydrate), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 100) 
for CMV retinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
intravitreal, in cytomegalovirus retinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
maintenance therapy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
penetration and pharmacokinetics, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 100) 
for progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
Fossa glandulae lacrimalis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Foster Kennedy syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
acute disc infarction versus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Fourth cranial nerve. See Trochlear nerve
Fovea
retinal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 1) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
in autosomal dominant fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in central areolar choroidal dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in central areolar pigment epithelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
distance from optic disc, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
in dominant slowly progressive macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
familial, retinoschisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
functional assessment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
halo around, in Niemann-Pick disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
in metachromatic leukodystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
in North Carolina macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in rod monochromaticism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in Stargardt’s disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in vitelliform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
vitreous adhesion to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Foveal avascular zone
abnormalities, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113D) 
Foveal cone electroretinogram, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 14) 
Foveal function, tests of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Foveal reflex
in pigment epithelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in progressive cone-rod dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Foveation, acuity and, in nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Foveation reflex, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Foveola, retinal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 1) See Fovea
Foveomacular abnormalities, congenital, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Foveomacular dystrophy, adult type, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
Foveomacular retinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Fractures
internal, treatment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
midfacial, and lacrimal apparatus disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
treatment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
postoperative complications, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
Fragile-X syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
Fragilitas ossium. See Osteogenesis imperfecta
Francois-Neetens, fleck dystrophy of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Franklin-style bifocal lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 44) 
Freckling, in neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
Freezing, in microbiology laboratory, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 47) 
Frequency, of light, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Frequency and duration of light stimulus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Frequency doubling perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Frequency-doubling perimetry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
Frequency doubling technology, in perimetry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Frequency response curve, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Fresnel optics, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52 ) 
in basic principles, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 52) 
Friedenwald formula, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Friedenwald nomogram, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Frisbee, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Frontal cortex, dorsolateral, ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Frontalis sling technique, in ptosis surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72 ) 
Frontalis suspension
ptosis surgery and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Frontoethmoidal orbitotomy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) See also Orbitotomy
Frontoparallel horopter, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) See also Horopter
Frontoparietal lesions, bilateral, acute, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Frontosphenoid foramina, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
Frovatriptan, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
5-FU. See 5-Fluorouracil
Fuchs’ coloboma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 19) See Fuchs’ syndrome
Fuchs’ inferior coloboma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Fuchs’ spot, in pathologic myopia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Full-thickness macular holes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 61) See also Macula, holes
Full-thickness procedures, in lid repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Full threshold strategy, in automated perimetry, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
Fumagillin, for microsporidiosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 66) 
Functional acuity score, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Functional cloning, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Functional field score, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Functional normal, occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Functional Vision Score, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
Functional visual loss in child, 62–65
Fundus
congenital abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8 ) 
examination, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 14) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
ophthalmoscopic. (See Ophthalmoscopy)
in hypertensive retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
lesions, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
in neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) 
in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
vasoproliferative tumors, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
myopia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) See also Myopiain
normal appearance, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
opportunistic infections, in AIDS, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
photography. (See also Fundus camera)
in glaucoma screening, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 54) 
in retinal migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
with rod monochromaticism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
salt-and-pepper. (See Salt-and-pepper fundus)
in Sjorgren’s reticular dystrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in Stargardt’s disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in Sturge-Weber syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) 
vascular anomalies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) See also specific anomalies
Fundus albipunctatus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 103) 
Fundus camera
angiographic system, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
indocyanine green angiography based on, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
Funduscopy, of retinal pigment epithelium tears, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
optic nerve in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 48) 
Fundus dystrophy, Sorsby, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 11) 
Fundus photography, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Fundus xerophthalmicus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 59) 
Fungizone. See Amphotericin B
Fungus disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33 ) 
histoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 48) See also Histoplasmosis
keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 21) See also Keratitis, fungal
laboratory diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) 
optic neuropathy due to, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
orbital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 34 ) 
cellulitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) See also Cellulitis, orbital
polymerase chain reaction in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1) 
Furosemide, for pseudotumor cerebri, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Furrow degeneration, corneal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Fusarium spp., endophthalmitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
Fusiform aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
vertebrobasilar system, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Fusiform aneurysms. See Aneurysms, fusiform
Fusiform cataracts, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Fusional convergence, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
Fusional divergence, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
amplitude in accommodative esodeviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
Fusional reflex, (2)13: 20
Fusional vergence, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 5) See also under Vergence, 13; (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
Fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
FVEP (flash visual evoked potential), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 105) 

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