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Subject Index C
Ca-ATPase, lens and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cabinets, microbiologic, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 47) 
Caisson disease, ocular effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Cajal, interstitial nucleus of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Calcarine fissure, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Calcification
cerebral, in congenital toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
conjunctival, in renal failure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
corneal, in renal failure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
imaging, ultrasound, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 108) 
ocular, in systemic disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
sellar, in craniopharyngioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Calcific band keratopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Calcific emboli, retinal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Calcifying epithelioma, Malherbe, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Calcitonin gene-related peptide, in nonspecific “reflex” keratouveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 39) 
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Calcium. See also Hypercalcemia; Hypocalcemia
chemical synapses and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
muscle activation and
regulation, in lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
Calcium channel blockers
for cluster headache, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
in glaucoma therapy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Calcium hydroxide, ocular injury, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Calcium oxalate crystals, primary hyperoxaluria and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Caldwell projection, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Callender classification, uveal melanoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
Caloric intake, cataract risk and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
Caloric testing, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
in comatose patients, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Cameras. See Photography; specific type
Campbell, iris retraction syndrome of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS), data of, on sports related eye injuries, 4, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Canadian Standards Association (CSA), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Canaliculi, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 30) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
bacterial infections, treatment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
lacrimal. (See Lacrimal apparatus, canaliculi)
Canalith repositioning maneuver, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
Canal of Cloquet. See Cloquet’s canal
Canal of Hannover, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
Cancer. See Carcinoma; Metastases; Tumors; specific cancer
Candida, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) See also Candidiasis
infectious endophthalmitis and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 48) 
Candidate gene approach, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Canicola fever. See Leptospirosis
Cannabis, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Canthal tendons
position abnormalities, after eyelid surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Cantholysis, canthotomy and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Canthotomy, cantholysis and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Canthotomy approach, in orbitotomy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 86) 
CAPE (central areolar pigment epithelial) dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Capgras syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Capillaries. See Vascular system
Capillary hemangioma. See Hemangioma, capillary
Capillary nonperfusion. See Ischemia
Capsaicin (Zostrix), in herpes zoster management, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
Capsular cataracts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Capsular distention syndrome, ophthalmic viscosurgical device-induced, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 9) 
Capsulectomy, anterior, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
Capsulolenticular cataracts, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Capsulopalpebral fascia, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Capsulorrhexis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
curvilinear, continuous, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 7) 
Capsulotomy
anterior, complications, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
posterior, effects on vitreous, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Capsulotomy. See also Cataract, surgery
in combined cataract extraction and glaucoma surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
continuous curvilinear, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Nd:YAG laser
Capsulotomy, vitreous, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Carbachol
additivity with other ocular hypotensives, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Carbamazepine
neuroprotection of axons and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19 ) 
diabetes mellitus. (See Diabetes mellitus)
galactosemia. (See Galactosemia)
glycogen storage disease. (See Glycogen storage disease)
mucopolysaccharidoses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15)  (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 25) See also Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS)
Carbohydrate(s)
Carbon dioxide
in central retinal artery occlusion treatment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
ocular toxicity of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Carbonic anhydrase, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
aqueous humor formation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, intraocular pressure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
Carcinoma
breast. (See Breast cancer)
choroidal, metastatic, chorioretinal folds caused by, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
conjunctival, squamous cell, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
corneal, superficial keratectomy in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
lacrimal sac, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
metastatic to eye and adnexa, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 34) See also Metastases
ocular, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46 ) 
optic neuropathy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
paranasal sinus, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
sebaceous gland, orbital, secondary, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
toxic retinopathies and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Carcinomatosis, meningeal, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
chiasmal syndromes in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
optic nerves in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Carcinomatous meningiomatosis, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
Cardiac glycosides
aqueous humor formation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
side effects and toxicity
and toxic retinopathies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Cardiac 1-receptors, blockage, topical -blockers and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 40) 
Cardinal points, in ray sketching, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Cardiopulmonary bypass, ischemic optic neuropathy after, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Cardiovascular disorders
acquired, ocular abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22 ) 
aortic arch syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
congenital heart disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A ) 
corneal arcus in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
endocarditis
thrombotic, nonbacterial, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22) 
retinal arterial occlusions and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Wegener’s granulomatosis and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Cardiovascular effects, of Lyme disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
Carmustine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Carotenoids
cataract risk reduction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
Carotid arteries, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 21) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
aneurysms of. (See Aneurysms, carotid)
angiography, in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
atheromatous disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
disease, and glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
dissection
ocular findings, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
fistula with cavernous sinus. (See Carotid-cavernous fistula)
insufficiency, retina in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 42) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
obstruction, ocular ischemic syndrome due to
color Doppler imaging, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 102) 
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
occlusion and stenosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14 ) 
central retinal artery occlusion and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
central retinal vein occlusion and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
ischemic optic neuropathy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) See also Ocular ischemic syndrome
transient visual disturbances and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
transient visual disturbances and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
Carotid artery, internal, dissection, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
Carotid artery disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Carotid artery dissection syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
Carotid cavernous fistula, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Carotid siphon, aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Carotid siphon, aneurysms of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Carrier (genetic), defined, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
Cartilage, in lid repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Caruncular tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
Case-comparison studies, in ophthalmic epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Case history. See History taking
Case reports, in ophthalmic epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Case series, in ophthalmic epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Cast resin (CR-39) lenses. See CR-39
Catalase test, in bacteria identification, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Catapres. See Clonidine
Cataract
after filtration surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 24) 
after laser iridectomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
age-related anatomic types, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
from allopurinol, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in aminoaciduria, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in anorexia nervosa, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in anterior segment anomalies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
anterior subcapsular, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
from antimitotic agents, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in atopic keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
autofluorescence spectroscopy in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
automated perimetry and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
in bacterial diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
bilateral
complete, treatment guidelines, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
partial, treatment guidelines, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
postoperative visual results, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
caloric intake and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
in cat-eye syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in central nervous system disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in chronic open-angle glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
in Cockayne’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
coexisting ocular defects and, surgical indications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in connective tissue disorders, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
contrast sensitivity and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
corticosteroids and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
cellular antioxidants as, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
in cri-du-chat syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in dehydrational crises, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
density, surgical indications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in Down syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
due to ionizing radiation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in ectopia lentis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
by electric shock, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
from electric shock, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
epidemiology
age-related cataract, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73A ) 
in essential hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in familial congenital monochromatism, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in familial mitochondrial myopathy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in glaucomatocyclitic crisis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
grading, slit-lamp, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
in gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in Hallgren’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in hematologic disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in hemolytic jaundice, congenital, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in hereditary progressive myotonic dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
in herpetic stromal keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in Hurler’s disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
hydrocarbons causing, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in hypoglycemia of childhood, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in hypoparathyroidism, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in hypophosphatasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in hypothyroidism, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in infantile glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in interstitial keratitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
intraocular disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in iridocorneal dysgenesis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in iridocyclitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in iris bombe’, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
from isotretinoin, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in Jadassohn-type anetoderma, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 42) 
in kidney disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
lens epithelial decompensation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
lens epithelium in, decompensation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in lens-induced glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in leukemia, childhood, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
light scattering and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
location, surgical indications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in low tension glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in lues, congenital, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in Marshall’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
from mercury exposure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
microcephaly and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in neurofibromatosis type 2, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
ocular hypertension and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
optical coherence tomography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
in osteogenesis imperfecta, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in panretinal photocoagulation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in parasitic diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
partial, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
bilateral, treatment guidelines, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
unilateral, treatment guidelines, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
perimetric testing and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 49) 
in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in Peter’s anomaly, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
from phenothiazines and derivatives, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in phenylketonuria, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
pigmentary degeneration of, syndromes including, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
plateau iris and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
posterior subcapsular, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
preoperative management, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
progression, surgical indications, 4, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
proliferative vitreoretinopathy and, lensectomy in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 581) 
pseudophakia and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
public health considerations with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
pupillary block and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54G) 
from PUVA therapy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Raman spectroscopy in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
regression, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
related conditions of lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
in retinal detachment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in retrolental fibroplasia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in Rieger’s anomaly, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
risk factors for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
high-energy radiation as, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
intervention studies, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
light exposure as, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
oxygen exposure as, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72C) 
in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in Schafer’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
secondary to pharmaceutical agents, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
secondary to retinal detachment repair, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
senile. (See Cataract, age-related)
in sialidosis type I, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
silicone oil and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
size, surgical indications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
slit lamp examination in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
slit lamp photography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
in steroid-induced glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
subcapsular
in atopic keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6 ) 
after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
anesthesia for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
capsulectomy, anterior, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
capsulotomy, Nd: YAG laser, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 99 ) 
ciliochoroidal effusions from, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 63) 
complications
in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
prevention, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
contraindications, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
corneal edema from, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
corneal opacification after, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 61) 
cystoid macular edema after, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
in developing nations, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 57) 
diabetes mellitus and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20) 
endophthalmitis from, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
exposure, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
extracapsular, small-incision. (See Phacoemulsification)
in glaucoma patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16 ) 
anterior-segment tissue alterations and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
extraction technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
guiding principles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
intraocular pressure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
optic nerve head damage and, clinical aspects, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
postoperative care, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
preoperative assessment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
visual field loss and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
glaucoma surgery with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 16) 
choice of combined procedure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 12) 
in intermediate uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
intermediate uveitis after, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
intraocular pressure following
persistent or late elevation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54G) 
transient elevation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54G) 
iridectomy in, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in iridocyclitis, chronic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 42) 
irrigating solutions, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
lens material aspiration, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
Nd:YAG laser, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 99 ) 
nuclear fragment dislocated in, removal, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
nucleus expression extracapsular surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
in pars planitis patient, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
in patients with open-angle glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100 ) 
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 99 ) 
optical rehabilitation after, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
postoperative care, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
preoperative measures and complication prevention, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
penetrating keratoplasty with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
phacoemulsification and aspiration. (See Phacoemulsification)
posterior capsule management, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
postoperative management, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
sutures, placement, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in Svgren-Larsson syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in syndromes with pigmentary degeneration of retina, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in Third World countries, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 57 ) 
timing, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in toxoplasmosis, congenital, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
traumatic, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 111) 
with central nervous system disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
with connective tissue, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
with cutaneous disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
diabetes mellitus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Fabry’s disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
hypoparathyroidism /hypocalcemia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Lowe’s (oculocerebrorenal) syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
with metabolic disorders, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
with primary ocular diseases, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Refsum’s disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
with renal disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
with systemic diseases, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Wilson’s disease, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
treatment. (See also Cataract, surgery)
from triparanol therapy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in Turner’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
unilateral
complete, congenital, treatment guidelines, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
partial, treatment guidelines, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
postoperative visual results, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in varicella, congenital syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
in viral infections, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
visual acuity in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
surgical implications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
visual results, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
vitrectomy for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
anterior, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
wavefront technology in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73B) 
in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
wound closure, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
Cataract associated with metabolic diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Cataract associated with mutations in cholesterol metabolism enzymes, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Cataracts, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
primary angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
with systemic disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Cataract(s), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
and automated perimetry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
cholinergic drugs and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
corticosteroid-induced, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
dark brown, formation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
electrical shock injury and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
embryonic, anterior axial, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
formation
after glaucoma surgery, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
corticosteroids and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
indirect-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
ionizing radiation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
metal deposition causing, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
in Morquio syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
in myotonic dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
oxidative mechanisms and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) 
polar, spurious posterior. (See Mittendorf dot)
in retinitis pigmentosa, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
retinoblastoma versus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 21) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
Cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
alternative phacoemulsification modalities, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
capsule polishing, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
anesthesia techniques, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
general endotracheal anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
operative mydriasis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
orbital blocks, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
peribulbar block, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
retrobulbar block, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
parabulbar anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
topical anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
antibiotic coverage, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
antibiotics in irrigating solution, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
intracameral antibiotic injection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
postoperative topical antibiotics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
preoperative oral antibiotics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
preoperative topical antibiotics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
subconjunctival antibiotics, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
brunescent cataract, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
challenging cataracts, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
changes after, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
posterior capsulotomy on vitreous, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
completion of cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
complications of cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
incisional burns, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
posterior capsule tears, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
posterior dislocation of nuclear fragments, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
suprachoroidal hemorrhage, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
compromised zonules, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
cystoid macular edema after, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
history of cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
anterior capsulotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
clear corneal, near-clear corneal incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
hydrodissection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
incisional architecture, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
incision location, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
scleral tunnel incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
infection prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
inflammatory response to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
intraocular lens implantation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
implantation techniques, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
foldable intraocular lenses, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
rigid posterior chamber intraocular lenses, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
to patch or not to patch, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
phacoemulsification, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
bowl-out techniques, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
"chop" techniques, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
divide techniques, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
phacoemulsification equipment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
phacoemulsification power modulation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
slow-motion phacoemulsification, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
suprascapular phacoemulsification, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
posterior polar cataracts, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
postoperative follow-up, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
postoperative medications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
postoperative restrictions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
preoperative evaluation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
diagnostic studies, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
A-scan biometry, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
B-scan ultrasound, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
corneal topography, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
endothelial cell count, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
laser partial coherence optical biometry, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
preoperative testing, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
prognostic tests, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
special measurements of vision, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
small pupil, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
iris retractors, dilators, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
sphincter incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
special preoperative testing, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
Catarrhal infiltrates, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Catarrhal ulcers, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cat-cry syndrome. See Cri-du-chat syndrome
Catecholamine(s)
neurons in eye containing, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Cation balance, in lens, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cationic antiseptic agents, in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
Caudo-nigral inhibition, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Cauterization, hemostasis and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Cautery
in parabulbar (subTenon’s) anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Cavernous angiomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) See also Hemangioma, cavernous
Cavernous angiomas of retina, brain, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Cavernous hemangioma
retinal, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113A) 
Cavernous malformations, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Cavernous sinus
embolization of tumors of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
fistula
with carotid artery. (See Carotid-cavernous fistula)
intercommunication, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
lesions of
oculomotor nerve in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
pupillary sparing in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
thrombosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
magnetic resonance imaging, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 34) 
in orbital cellulitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
trigeminal nerve dysfunction, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
trigeminal neuropathy and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
tumors, embolization, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Cavernous sinus syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
CD4 lymphocytes, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 25) 
in AIDS, 2, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
and cytomegalovirus retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 82) 
Cefamandole, intravitreal, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Cefazolin
for corneal ulcers, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Ceftizoxime, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
intravitreal injection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
Cefuroxime, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
for cellulitis, preseptal, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Cell adhesion molecules, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 25) 
antibodies against, for ocular inflammation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
in viral infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 98) 
Cell-adhesion molecules, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
Cell-cell communication in lens, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
hypersensitivity reactions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cell-mediated immunity, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Cell-mediated immunity. See Immunity, cell-mediated
Cellophane maculopathy. See Epiretinal membranes
Cellophane retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Cell-to-cell fusion, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71A) 
Cellular binding of agents, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
Cellular components
in nongranulomatous inflammation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
in wound healing, 2, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Cellular exudates, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Cellular intraocular defenses, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
Cellular reactions, pathology, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1 ) 
Cellulitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Central areolar choroidal dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Central areolar choroidal sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Central areolar pigment epithelial (CAPE) dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Central exudative detachment of retina, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Central guttate choroiditis, Hutchinson-Tay, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Central gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Central hemi-scotomata, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Central nervous system (CNS)
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
local anesthetic toxicity, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
Lyme disease affecting, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 75) 
stimulants, pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Central nervous system disease, cataract from, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Central neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) See also Neurofibromatosis
Central pigmentary dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
Central pigmentary sheen macular dystrophy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
Central pulverulent cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Central retinal artery, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19) 
Central retinal artery, central retinal vein obstruction, combined, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Central retinal vein obstruction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
Central scotoma, hemianopic, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Central scotoma syndromes, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
optic neuritis and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
optic neuropathy and
Central serous chorioretinopathy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Central serous chorioretinopathy. See Chorioretinopathy, central serous
fluorescein angiography
follow-up
indocyanine green angiography of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
pathogenesis
prognosis
treatment
Central serous choroidopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Centration, in lamellar keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
Cephalgia. See Headaches
Cephalocele, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 31) See also Encephalocele; Meningoencephalocele
Ceramide, metabolism, in Farber disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Ceramide deficiency (Farber lipogranulomatosis), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
Cerebellar arteries, ischemic disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cerebellar ataxia, hereditary, and optic atrophy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Cerebellar diseases
degeneration
in ataxia-telangiectasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
optic atrophy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
eye movements in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
skew deviation in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cerebellar influences, eye movements, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
cerebellar lesions, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Cerebellar lesions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cerebellopontine angle, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 8) 
Cerebellopontine angle lesions, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Cerebellum, vascular syndromes of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cerebral, basal ganglionic control of eye movements, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
brainstem saccade circuits, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
gaze, functional disturbances of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Huntington’s disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
ocular motor apraxia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Parkinsonian disorders, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
saccade generation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
saccades, roles for, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
superior colliculus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
unilateral hemispheric lesions, disturbances of gaze with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
vestibulo-ocular system, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cerebral blindness, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
transient. (See Blindness, transient)
Cerebral calcification, in congenital toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Cerebral control of eye movements, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
progressive supranuclear palsy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cerebral cortex
lesions of, visual dysfunction from, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22See also Visual cortex) 
Cerebral developmental venous anomalies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Cerebral hemispheres
connections between, visual association areas and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
in eye movement control, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
unilateral lesions, gaze disturbances with, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cerebral macropsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Cerebral metamorphopsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Cerebral micropsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Cerebral migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Cerebral palsy
anesthesia in child with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
surgery in child with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
Cerebral radionecrosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger. See Zellweger (cerebrohepatorenal) syndrome
Cerebrospinal fluid
increased pressure
papilledema and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
normal pressure, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in orbital inflammation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Cerebrovascular disease
ocular ischemic syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
Cerulean cataract, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Cervical nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Cervico-ocular reflex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 4) 
CFF (critical flicker fusion), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
CGD. See Chronic granulomatous disease
CGMP (cyclic guanine monophosphate)
retinal degeneration and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
in visual transduction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), pupillary effects, (2)
Chalazion(ia)
in staphylococcal lid infection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Chandler vitreous operation, in malignant glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53 ) 
current automated technique, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
original nonautomated technique, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
preliminary confirmation procedure for, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
Chaperone proteins, neuroprotection of axons and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Chapman-Cook Speed of Reading Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
"Cheese and ketchup” pattern, in cytomegalovirus retinitis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
Cheesewiring, postoperative, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
Chelating agents, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Cheloid leishmaniasis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Chemical conjunctivitis, neonatal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
Chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) See also Burns, chemical
alkali versus acid injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
automobile air bag inflation and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
automotive battery acid burns, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
clinical appearance, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
conjunctival epithelium in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
corneal, general anesthesia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
corneal epithelium in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
corneal perforation, cyanoacrylate adhesives in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
corneal stroma in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
corneal ulceration
collagenase inhibitors for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
cyanoacrylate adhesives in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
extent of damage, determination of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
intraocular pressure in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
synthetic collagenase inhibitors for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
tetracycline for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
perilimbal blanching in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
polymorphonuclear neutrophils in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
treatment, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28 ) 
acute (immediate) period, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
ascorbate and citrate, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
early assessment, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
glued-on contact lenses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
hydrophilic and collagen bandage lenses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
hypotensive agents, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
late (chronic) period, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
cicatricial entropion and trichiasis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
general concepts, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
keratoprosthesis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
symblephara and ankyloblephara, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
prevention of corneal ulceration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
subacute (intermediate) period, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
ascorbate, citrate, and tetracycline, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
blow-out patch and penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
collagenase inhibitors in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
continuous perfusion in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
cyanoacrylate adhesives in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
homologous/autologous serum in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
lamellar keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
limbal stem cell transplantation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
maintenance of conjunctival fornices and ocular mobility, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
ocular hypotensive agents, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
topical antibiotics, cycloplegics, and corticosteroids, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
untreated, clinical course, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Chemiluminescent immunoassay, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Chemodenervation, of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89 ) 
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
injection technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
mechanisms of action, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
patient selection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
postinjection management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
preinjection preparation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
results, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in childhood strabismus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in dysthyroid myopathy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in horizontal strabismus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in overcorrections, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in retinal detachment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in sensory strabismus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in sixth nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in undercorrections, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
in vertical strabismus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 89) 
Chemokines, inflammation and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
Chemoreduction
intravenous, in retinoblastoma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 109) 
subconjunctival, in retinoblastoma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 109) 
Chemosis
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Chemosurgery, after surgery of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 98) 
Chemotactic factors, ocular allergy and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Chemotaxis, inflammation and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
Chemotherapy. See also Drugs; specific chemotherapeutic specific disease
antimetabolites. (See Antimetabolites)
antitumor necrosis factor antibodies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
cancer, ocular teratogenicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 39) 
of conjunctival tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
for Kaposi’s sarcoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
monoclonal antibodies for, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
mycophenolate mofetil, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
in optic gliomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
for orbital lymphoma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
retinopathy due to agents, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Cherry-red spot, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
in cranial arteritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in galactosialidosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
in Gaucher’s disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
in ocular ischemic syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 12) 
onchocerciasis and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 62) 
in progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
in retinal artery occlusion, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 29) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) See also Sialidoses, type 1
Chiasm, visual loss arising from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 1) 
Chiasmal syndromes, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6 ) 
in aneurysms, suprasellar, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in arachnoidal cysts, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
arachnoiditis, opticochiasmatic, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6 ) 
in craniopharyngiomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in demyelinative diseases, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in dysgerminomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
dysplasias, congenital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
empty sella and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in hydrocephalus, internal, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in pituitary adenomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
pituitary “apoplexy, ”, (2) 6: 13in
from radiation therapy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
Chickenpox. See Varicella
Childhood, acquired visual loss in, 16–20
Childhood aneurysms, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Children. See also Infant; Juvenile
benign epilepsy with occipital spike-waves in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
contrast sensitivity testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
familial chronic granulomatous disease in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
HIV manifestations in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
vitreous development, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Children, corneal opacities in, surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
Chin depression, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
Chlamydia, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 28) 
follicular conjunctival reaction with, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
follicular conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
in lid infections, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
in phlyctenular disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
Chlamydial ocular diseases, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 77 ) 
Chlamydial transport medium, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Chlamydia psittaci, ocular infection with, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 77) 
Chloral hydrate, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chlorambucil, in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
Chlordiazepoxide, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chlorhexidine
in contact lens care, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
Chloride
conductance, in lens of eye, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 72A) 
Chloride levels, in lens of eye, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71) 
Chlorisondamine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chlorobutanol, side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Chloroform, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chloroma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) See also Sarcoma, granulocytic
Chloroprocaine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chloroquine
corneal alterations caused by, pigmentation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 39) 
retinal degenerations due to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
retinopathy from, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
side effects and toxicity
toxic retinopathies and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
vortex keratopathy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Chlorpheniramine, side effects and toxicity
Chlorphentermine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chlorpromazine
in permanent local anesthesia, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
side effects and toxicity
vortex keratopathy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
Chlorpropamide, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chlorprothixene, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chlortetracycline
systemic toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chocolate agar medium, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
for cultures in bacterial keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Chocolate and Thayer-Martin agar, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
Cholecystokinin, pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Cholesteatoma, epidermoid, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Cholesterol
in rod disc membranes, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
in Schnyder’s hereditary crystalline dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Cholesterol deposition, anterior chamber, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Cholesterol emboli, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
in carotid artery disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Cholesterol granuloma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
Cholesterol granuloma. See also Cholesteatoma
of lacrimal fossa, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Cholesterol plaques, in retinal arterial occlusions, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Choline acetyltransferase
ocular cholinergic systems and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Cholinergic agents
Cholinergic agents, intraocular pressure, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
Cholinergic neurons, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 20) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
clear vesicles and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
denervation studies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Cholinergic pharmacology, (3)26: 1–50
choline acetyltransferase and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
choline uptake and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
muscarinic drugs and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
antagonists, (3)26: 37–50
direct-acting agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26 ) 
indirect-acting agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26 ) 
nicotinic drugs and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
antagonists, (3)26: 10–14
indirect-acting agonists, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26 ) 
Cholinergic receptors, and glaucoma treatment, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 52) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Cholinergic(s), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 47) 
aqueous humor outflow and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
ocular cholinergic systems and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
clinical supersensitivity testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
side effects of, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Cholinesterase inhibitors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26 ) 
intraocular pressure and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Chondrodystrophia calcificans congenita punctata. See Conradi syndrome
Chondroid syringoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Chondroitin sulfate, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 23) 
viscoelastic material, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 9) 
vitreous liquefaction and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Chondroitin sulfate, vitreous, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 16) 
Chopped meat infusion, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Chorioretinal anastomosis, for central retinal vein occlusion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 15) 
Chorioretinal atrophy
bifocal, progressive, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Chorioretinal biopsy, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 37) 
Chorioretinal degeneration, helicoidal peripapillary, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
Chorioretinopathy. See also Retinochoroidopathy
birdshot
HLA antigen association, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
indocyanine green angiography of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
central serous
angiography, indocyanine green, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113F) 
indocyanine green angiography of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
photocoagulation for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
Choriovaginal vein, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Choroid, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1)(Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 22) 
angiography of, blocked fluorescence, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
arterial supply to, obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
atrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) See also Atrophy, choroidal gyrate. See Gyrate atrophy
blood flow, indocyanine green angiography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
carcinoma, metastatic, fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113A) 
ciliochoroidal effusion, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 52) See also Effusions, ciliochoroidal
coloboma, silicone oil in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 7) 
degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) See also Atrophy, choroidal
detachment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
after retinal reattachment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
after trabeculectomy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
detachment of. (See Detachment, choroidal)
disease
automated perimetry in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
fluorescein angiography in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113) 
in disseminated intravascular coagulation, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
feeder vessels of, treatment of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
fluorescein angiography
abnormal vessels in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
vascular filling defect, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
folds, in papilledema, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
gyrate atrophy. (See Gyrate atrophy)
hamartomas, in neurofibromatosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
hemorrhage, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
after retinal reattachment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
suprachoroidal, massive, vitrectomy for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
infectious and inflammatory diseases
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E ) 
macroscopic features of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
melanocytic lesion, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
metastatic tumors, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 11) 
indocyanine green angiography of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
microscopic anatomy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 22) 
microscopic features of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
neovascularization, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
central serous chorioretinopathy versus, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
choroidal rupture and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
dye-enhanced laser treatment for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasis and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
laser prophylaxis for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
membrane excision, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 62) 
occult, ICG angiography in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A ) 
in pathologic myopia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
photocoagulation and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
photodynamic therapy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 63) 
transpupillary thermotherapy for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
neovascularization of, in macular degeneration, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
nevus, in neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in North Carolina macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
in pathologic myopia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
physiologic myopia, (3)36: 5in
pigment epithelium, hyperplasia, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
rupture
fluorescein angiography in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
neovascularization with, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
senile changes in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
separation of, differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
sequelae of nongranulomatous inflammation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
suprachoroid layers of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
toxoplasmosis. (See Retinochoroiditis, in toxoplasmosisin)
tumors
chorioretinal folds caused by, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113A ) 
indocyanine green angiography, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
vascular disease of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113E) 
vascular supply of, 4, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
vascular system, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) See also Choriocapillaris, 27; 22: 1–2
arteries and arterioles, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
total vascular atrophy
diffuse
veins and venules, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
vasculature
and fluorescein angiography, hyperfluorescence, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
occlusions in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
Choroidal changes in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Choroidal changes pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Choroidal changes with pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Choroidal hemangioma, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
Choroidal infiltrates, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
Choroidal inflammatory disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
Choroidal injuries, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Choroidal neovascularization, occult, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 110A) 
Choroidal obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Choroidal vasculopathy, polypoidal, idiopathic, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 4A) 
Choroideremia, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 24) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A)  (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
clinical presentation, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
electrophysiology, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113B) 
gyrate atrophy versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
hereditary factors, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
high myopia versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
molecular diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
night blindness in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
ophthalmoscopic appearance, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
REP-1 mutational analysis in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
retinitis pigmentosa versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
X-linked ocular albinism versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa versus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
Choroideremia gene (CHM), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
Choroideremia-like gene (CHML), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25A) 
Choroiditis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) See also choroidopathy; Epitheliitis
Doyne’s honeycomb, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
fluorescein angiography, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 57) 
from foreign bodies, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 62) 
helioid, unifocal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
Holthouse-Batten superficial, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Hutchinson-Tay central guttate, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
inflammatory, differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
Choroidopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 49) 
geographic helicoid peripapillary. (See Choroiditis, serpiginous)
hypertensive, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13 ) 
acute ischemic phase, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
chronic occlusive phase, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
chronic reparative phase, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
clinical features, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Elschnig’s spots, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
fluorescein angiography in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Segrist’s streaks (spots), (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Christian syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Chromatophores, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
Fabry’s disease. (See also Fabry’s disease)
in neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 34) 
oculorenal syndromes, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
Patau’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Chromogenic stains, in infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40 ) 
Chromosomal abnormalities, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) See also Congenital abnormalities; specific abnormalities
associated with strabismus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
deletion syndromes, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
gene dose effects in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
mechanism in ocular disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
partial trisomy and deletion syndromes, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Chromosomal anomalies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Chromosomal disorders, cataracts associated with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Chromosomal mapping, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Chromosomal mutation. See Mutation
Chromosomal syndromes, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Chromosome jumping, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Chromosome mapping, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Chromosomes. See also Genetics
structure, function, and clinical syndromes, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52 ) 
Chromosome walking, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 55) 
Chronic gangliosidosis
Chronic glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 40) 
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 28) 
Chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Chronic serpiginous ulcer. See Mooren’s ulcer
Chrysarobin, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Chvostek sign, in hypoparathyroidism, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) 
Cicatricial ectropion, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 73) 
Cicatricial entropion, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 73) 
surgical correction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) 
Cicatricial pemphigoid. See Pemphigoid, cicatricial
Cicatrization, drug-induced, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
Cicatrizing conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
canalicular involvement, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Cilia
in retinal rod and cone layer, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
Ciliary artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Ciliary body, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13 ) 
alpha-adrenergic drug effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
anterior margin of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
aqueous production and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
arterial supply to, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
band of, gonioscopy of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
basement membrane of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
block. (See Glaucoma, malignant)
blood-aqueous barrier in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
ciliary epithelium in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
ciliochoroidal effusions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 52) See also Effusions, ciliochoroidal
congenital anomalies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 11) 
cyclodialysis. (See Cyclodialysis)
detachment, uveal effusion with
in diabetes mellitus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 1) 
epithelium, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
blood-aqueous barrier and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
medulloepithelioma. (See Medulloepithelioma)
in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
interstitium of ciliary muscle and uveoscleral outflow, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
junction of nonpigmented and pigment epithelial cells, (1) 13: 16–17
in Marfan’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
microvasculature of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
muscle. (See Ciliary muscle)
muscles of, 4–6, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
nonpigmented epithelium, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
outflow pathways and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43 ) 
pars plana and ora serrata, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
posterior margin of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
sclerosis of, and presbyopia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
sequelae of nongranulomatous inflammation, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
stromal and vascular components
surface landmarks and relationships, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
swelling, malignant-like glaucoma in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
topical medications and, pharmacokinetics and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
tumors, neuroepithelial
vascular architecture, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
vitreous adhesion to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Ciliary bundle of Riolan, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 5) 
Ciliary epithelium, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Ciliary ganglion
anatomic perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
and pupillary light reflex, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Ciliary injection (flush), in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 32) 
Ciliary muscle, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
anterior insertion, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
aqueous humor drainage, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
contractile processes, direct-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
muscarinic agonists and
posterior attachments, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 13) 
trabecular meshwork connections with, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
Ciliary neurotrophic factor, in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 57) 
Ciliary region, embryology, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 3) 
Ciliary zonule. See Zonular apparatus
Ciliochoroidal effusion, postoperative, ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
Ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome, glaucoma in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
Cilioretinal artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Cilioretinal artery sparing, retinal artery obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
Cilioretinal vein, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Cimetidine
in herpes zoster treatment, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
Cine-magnetic resonance imaging, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 25) 
Circadian rhythm. See Diurnal rhythm
Circadian rhythm, intraocular pressure and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 46) 
Circinate retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
Circular nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Circulating antibodies, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Circulation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 5) See also Blood flow; Vascular system 
Citrate, in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Classic neurofibromatosis. See Neurofibromatosis
Clavulanate, for orbital cellulitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Clear cell hidradenoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Clear cells, of lids, hidradenoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Clear corneal, near-clear corneal incisions, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
Clear lens extraction, myopia correction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 42) 
Cleidocranial dysostosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
Clinical case studies, in teratology, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
Clinical research. See Research, clinical
Clinical testing of visual field, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Clinical trials, in ophthalmic epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Clioquinol (iodochlorhydroxyquin), optic neuropathy from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Clofazimine, for leprosy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 63) 
Clomiphene, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Clonidine
aqueous humor formation and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
in migraine prophylaxis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Clonidine (Catapres)
effect on catecholamine systems, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
Cloning, proteomics and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 19A) 
Closed circuit television, in low vision, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 46A) 
Clostridium botulinum, toxin, saccadic velocity and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 21) 
Clot, limbal, expression, in traumatic hyphema, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Clouston-type ectodermal dysplasia, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
CMI. See Immunity, cell-mediated
CNS. See Central nervous system
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 24) 
Coagulase test, in bacteria identification, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Coagulation
disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23 ) 
and ischemic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
disseminated intravascular, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
status, lid trauma and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Coagulation cascade, 2, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Coagulation factor deficiencies, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Coats’ disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
fluorescein angiography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
macular exudates, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
photocoagulation in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
retinoblastoma versus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 21) 
surgical management, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 72) 
toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
Cobalamin, metabolism, abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Cobalt therapy, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Cobblestone papillae, in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
Cocaine
anesthetic effect, historical perspectives, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
in test for oculosympathetic paresis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
toxicity in children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine), 2, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 35) 
effect on catecholamine systems, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
in Horner’s syndrome diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
Coccidioides immitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 32) 
Cogan microcystic epithelial dystrophy, (1)63: 1, 2–4
Cohen syndrome, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) See also Craniofacial anomalies
Cohesion, viscoelastic materials, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 9) 
Cohort studies, in ophthalmic epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Coliform organisms, and blepharitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Colistin (polymyxin E), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Study, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Collagenase, in tears, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Collagenase inhibitors
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in corneal ulcers, bacterial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
prevention of corneal ulceration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
synthetic
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
prevention of corneal ulceration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Collagen bandage lens, in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Collagen shields
in antibiotic delivery, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
Collagen vascular diseases. See Connective tissue diseases
Collar button hook, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Collarettes, in staphylococcal lid infections, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Colliculus
retinotopic organization of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Colloidal silver, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Coloboma(s), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 11)  (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 21) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 53) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
characteristics of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) 
choroidal, silicone oil in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 54) 
chromosome disorders and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
eyelid
in Goldenhar’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in mandibulofacial dysostosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Fuchs’ inferior, optic disc in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
of iris and ciliary body, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
in mandibulofacial dysostosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
microphthalmos with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
ophthalmoscopy, 2, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
in Treacher-Collins syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Color
lens nucleus, aging and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 71B) 
occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
quantum theory and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Colorado tick fever virus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 85) 
Color anomia, agnosia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Color blindness
Color comparison, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Color comparison, in field function test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Color deficiencies, specialty lenses for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
Color discrimination, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Colorless objects that appear colored, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Color memory, short-term deficit, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Color perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Color processing, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
cerebral dyschromatopsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
color anomia, agnosia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
hemiachromatopsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
testing achromatopsic patients, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Color vision, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6)  (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) See also Color–defective vision; Retina, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
acquired defects of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
blue-yellow defect, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
color
colorless objects that appear colored, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
color mixing and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
color perception and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
demonstrations of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
electromagnetic energy and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
horizontal cells in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
hue discrimination, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
lateral geniculate nucleus in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
loss, photocoagulation and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
neuro-ophthalmologic examination, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
optic neuritis and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
orbital disease and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
retinal organization, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6 ) 
spectral sensitivities, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 19) 
Color vision defects, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) See also Achromatopsia; Dyschromatopsia
anomalous trichromatism, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in cone monochromaticism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
congenital versus acquired, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
dichromatism, congenital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in fundus flavimaculatus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
in pericentral rod-cone dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in progressive cone-rod dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in vitelliform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Coma
neuro-ophthalmologic examination in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
retinal image blur and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
sustained vertical deviations in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Combat sports, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Combined immunodeficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 40) 
Comitance, spread of, in paralytic strabismus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Commissure, posterior, eye movements and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 4) 
lesions affecting, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Compartment model, of topical drug pharmacokinetics, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 23) 
Compensation for refractive error, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Compensatory postures, of eyes and head, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
Complement deficiencies, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 40) 
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Complement fixation, in viral infection diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 88) 
Complete cataracts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Complex Figure Test, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Complications of ocular anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Compression, optic nerve and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 21) 
Compression forces, oral medications and, bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Compression sutures, in astigmatic keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 42) 
Compressive optic nerve defects, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) See also Optic neuropathy, compressive
Computed tomographic angiography, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
Computed tomography, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 35 .) See also Radiology
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
of capillary hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
in chiasmal syndromes, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in craniopharyngiomas, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
in dizzy patient, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
in fibrosis syndromes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
historical perspective on, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
of intracranial structures, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
in lacrimal drainage system disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
lacrimal gland tumors, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
of optic disc hyaline bodies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
of orbital cellulitis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
in pituitary tumors, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
of proptosis, in children, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
in retinoblastoma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 75) 
in ruptured globe, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
spiral/helical, multislice, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
in thyrotoxicosis ophthalmoplegia, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
in toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
vestibular system assessment, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 18) 
Computer-assisted kinetic perimetry, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Computerized automated static perimetry, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109See also Automated perimetry) 
Computers
in automated perimetry, software, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in keratomileusis, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 46) 
video displays, in low vision, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 46A) 
in videokeratoscopy, software, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
Concomitance, adjustment, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Concretions, contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
Cone degenerations, progressive, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Cone-rod dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
choroidal atrophy in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 66) 
pericentral retinitis pigmentosa, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Cone visual pigments, retina and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, optic disc, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 48A) 
optic nerve topography and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 111 ) 
normal versus abnormal, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 111) 
reproducibility of measurements, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 111) 
visual function measures versus, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 111) 
Confrontation methods, for visual field examination, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Congenital, defined, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
Congenital abnormalities, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 40) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) See also Developmental anomalies; Teratology; specific abnormalities, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
chromosomal aberrations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
corneal. (see Cornea, congenital and neonatal abnormalities)
infectious embryopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 2) 
retinal pigment epithelium, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 20) 
uveal, (3) 11: 10–11
visual evoked potential, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 105) 
X-linked. (See also X-linked disorders)
prenatal diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
Congenital amaurosis of Leber, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 24) 
Congenital anomalies. See also Dysgeneses; specific anomalies
corneal blindness associated with, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 61) 
glaucoma associated with, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51 ) 
orbital, cystic eye, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
Congenital anophthalmia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 83) See also Anophthalmic socket
Congenital aponeurotic ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Congenital bulbar palsies, 25–27
Congenital cataract facial dysmorphism neuropathy syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Congenital dichromatism, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Congenital ectropion, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 73) 
Congenital entropion, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 73) 
Congenital fibrosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) 
Congenital fibrosis syndromes, 34–35
Congenital fistula of lacrimal sac, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Congenital heart disease
cyanotic. (See Cyanotic congenital heart disease)
with left-to-right shunting, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
ocular abnormalities in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A ) 
with outflow obstruction, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
uncommon acyanotic, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
Congenital hereditary retinoschisis, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Congenital Horner syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Congenital mechanical ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Congenital motor anomalies, 20–35
Duane’s retraction syndrome, 21–25
elevator deficiencies, 27–29
Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkineses, 29–32
Mobius syndrome, 25–27
orbital mechanics, 20–32
restrictive syndromes, 32
Brown tendon sheath syndrome, 32–34
congenital fibrosis syndromes, 34–35
vertical retraction syndrome, 29
Congenital myogenic ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Congenital neurogenic ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Congenital nystagmus, 36–38
Congenital ocular motor apraxia, 40–41
Congenital oculomotor apraxia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Congenital ptosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Congenital sensorineural hearing loss, syndrome of ocular albinism and cutaneous lentigines and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Congenital third nerve palsy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 78) 
Congenital vascular veils, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Congestive orbitopathy, acute, management, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Conjugate gaze. See gaze, conjugate
Conjugate horizontal movements, motor commands for, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Conjunctiva, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29)  (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
adenovirus infections of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
allergy. (See Conjunctivitis)
alpha-adrenergic drug effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
anterior, circulation, 4, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
in atopic dermatitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
bacterial specimens, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
biopsy
in mucopolysaccharidoses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in Parinaud’s conjunctivitis, 3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
bleb, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) 
endophthalmitis associated with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
bleb filtering, endophthalmitis associated with, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) 
calcification, in renal failure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
carcinoma, orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
in chemical injury, malignant lesions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
chemosis. (See Chemosis)
concretions, contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
congenital abnormalities, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
congenital lesions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
congenital melanosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
conjunctival epithelial cell electrolyte, water transport, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
conjunctival microstructure, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
contact lens complications involving, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27 ) 
cultures, herpes simplex virus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
curvature, abnormalities, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
cysts
dermoid, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) See also Dermoid cysts
epithelial inclusion, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
pseudoneoplasms, and neoplasms, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) 
in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
diagnostic approaches, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
diseases, topography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 112) 
ecchymosis, in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
endothelium. (See Endothelium, corneal)
in epidermolysis bullosa, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Epstein-Barr virus infection, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 91) 
excisional biopsy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
fibrous tumors of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
flaps. (See Flaps, conjunctival)
fornices, foreshortening, in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
fungi, normal flora, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
gastrointestinal disorders involving, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
goblet cells, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
conjunctival goblet cell secretion, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
functional anatomy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
signaling pathways, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
grafting
limbal transplantation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 35) 
graft-versus-host disease involving, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
gram-positive infections, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 49) 
granulomas, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) See also Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome
hemangioma, in Sturge-Weber syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
in herpes zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
histiocytic tumors of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
hyperplasia, lymphoid, treatment, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 6) 
immunology, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) See also specific immunologic disorders
incisional biopsy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
in incontinentia pigmenti, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
inflammatory cells, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
irritative changes, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
lymph supply, drainage, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
melanocytic tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
melting, corticosteroids and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
metastatic cancer to, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 34) 
microsporidiosis, in AIDS, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 82) 
mucin secretion regulation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
mucus formation, contact lenses and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
in multiple myeloma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
opacities
in parathyroid disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
peripheral thinning disorders, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 112) 
pingueculae, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
plica semilunaris, caruncle, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
punctate keratopathy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
radiation damage to, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
scarring, in trachoma, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 60) 
sclera and, barrier function, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 61) 
sensory innervation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
sensory reception, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
signaling pathways, conjunctival electrolyte, water transport, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in Sjogren’s syndrome, immunopathogenesis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
squamous cell carcinoma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
stratified squamous cell mucin secretion, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
stratified squamous cells, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
stroma, structure of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in Sturge-Weber syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
substantia propria, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) 
surgery, complications, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
surgical anatomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
systemic diseases and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
in toxic epidermal necrolysis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
vascular supply of, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
in Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
wound leak, tube shunts and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 17) 
Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Conjunctiva in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Conjunctiva in thyroid orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
Conjunctival arteries, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) 
Conjunctival cyst-pyogenic granuloma, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83) 
Conjunctival epithelial cell electrolyte, water transport, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Conjunctival flap, tears in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
Conjunctival flaps for corneal disease, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
disadvantages of conjunctival flaps, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
keratoplasty, after conjunctival flaps, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
Conjunctival glands, embryology, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
Conjunctival goblet cell secretion, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Conjunctival impression cytology, in xerophthalmia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 59) 
Conjunctival lacerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Conjunctival manifestations of gastrointestinal disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Conjunctival phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
nontuberculous phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
Conjunctival provocation testing, in allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Conjunctival scarring, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 83) 
Conjunctival veins, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) 
Conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 29) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
adenoviral, (1)96: 3–5
epidemics and outbreaks, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
allergic
corticosteroids in, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
seasonal, NSAIDs for, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
cytomegalovirus, in AIDS, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 82) 
giant papillary, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 8) 
eosinophil granule major basic protein in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
granulomatous. (See Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome)
Conjunctivitis. See also Keratoconjunctivitis
allergic, contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
chemical, in newborn, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
chlamydial, in newborn, 2–4, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
cicatrizing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
canalicular involvement, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
differential diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
contact lens use and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) See also Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC)
in erythema multiforme, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
giant papillary. (See Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC))
from Haemophilus species, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
in herpes simplex infections, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
Lyme disease and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
from Moraxella species, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
neonatal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) See also Ophthalmia neonatorum
Parinaud’s oculoglandular. (See Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome)
in pemphigoid
preseptal cellulitis versus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 25) 
in sporotrichosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 4) 
toxic, contact lenses causing, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
viral, in newborn, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
Conjunctivitis, neonatal, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 6) 
Conjunctivitis-otitis media syndrome, treatment, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
Conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 26) 
Conjunctivochalasis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 13) 
Conjunctivo-mullerectomy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 81) 
Connective tissue. See also Collagen; Vitreous
extraocular muscles around, microscopic anatomy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
Connective tissue, cataract from, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Connective tissue diseases. See also specific disease
autosomal dominant, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
trigeminal neuropathy in, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Conoid lenses
in indirect ophthalmoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) 
Conradi-Hunermann-Happle syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Constant-pressure tonography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Constricting ring syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
Contact allergy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Contact dermatitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 29) 
Contact diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
Contact lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) See also Lens(es)
allergic reaction to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
astigmatism, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) See also under Astigmatismin
back vertex power of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
bacterial adherence to, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
bandage, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) See also Bandage lend; Hydrogel lenses
bitoric with prism ballast, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
central posterior curve, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
front toric lens fitting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
rigid lens fitting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
Soper keratoconus lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
central thickness of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
chord diameter of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
conjunctival disorders due to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
and conjunctival flora, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 41) 
and conjunctivitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
contrast sensitivity effects of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
corneal glucose metabolism and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
corneal infection and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
cosmetic wearers, keratitis in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
custom, wavefront technology, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 70) 
daily disposable daily wear, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
defects, complications due to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
diameter, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
rigid lens fitting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
disinfecting systems, Acanthamoeba keratitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
disposable, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
giant papillary conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9A) 
drug delivery via
in bacterial keratitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
with ellipsoidal back surfaces, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) 
fitting procedures for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
after penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
piggyback fitting for flat graft, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
after refractive surgery, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
avoiding problems, rigid lens fitting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
binocular balancing, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
example, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) See also specific lenses
minus cylinder thinking, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
optical power cross, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
rigid lens fitting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
spherical PMMA diagnostic lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
vertex distance correction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
frequent/planned-replacement, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
glued-on, in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
“hard, ”, (1) 54: 1
intolerance of, in pediatric patient, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
keratitis from
keratopathy from, epithelial, punctate, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
in laser iridectomy, 4, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
lid disorders due to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
mechanical forces causing complications, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
Menicon Plateau lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
opaque, in amblyopia therapy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
oxygen transmission through, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
corneal edema and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
complications, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) See also specific complications
production methods, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
protein deposits on
biochemical nature, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9A) 
rigid, complications, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
rigid gas-permeable, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
fitting procedures, 5-6 See also Contact lenses, fitting procedure for
wrong way, 5
selection of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
extended-wear lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
soft, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55)  (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) See also Hydrogel lenses
arcuate staining from, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
bandage. (See Bandage lens)
complications, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) See also Contact lenses, complications
arcuate staining, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
epithelial edema, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
extended-wear lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
giant papillary conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
solution sensitivity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
corneal edema and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
corneal-related problems, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
debris accumulation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
discoloration of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
disposable/frequent-replacement, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
endothelial changes with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
epithelial edema with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
flexible wear, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
programmed replacement, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
frequent/planned-replacement, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
giant papillary conjunctivitis and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
manufacturing processes, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
non refractive uses of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56 ) 
patient selection, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
peripheral stability, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
requirements for proper fit, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55 ) 
solution sensitivity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
spontaneous breakage of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
therapeutic, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) See also Hydrogel lenses
in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 12) 
in corneal ulcers, bacterial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
tight lens syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
Soper keratoconus lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
piggyback lens fitting for flat graft, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
specialty lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
toxic conjunctivitis due to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
Continuous curvilinear capsulotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 3) 
Contour interaction, amblyopia and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
Contraceptives, oral. See Anovulatory agents
Contraction, of extraocular muscles, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Contraction anisocoria, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Contraction folds of Schwalbe, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
Contracture, inferior oblique muscle, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 17) 
Contrapulsion, saccadic, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Contrast
acuity tests and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 51) 
occupational ophthalmology and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 47) 
Contrast agents, new, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 25) 
Contrast-reducing lesions, geometric optics and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Contrast sensitivity, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35)  (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
clinical conditions affecting, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
contact lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
corneal edema and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
diabetic retinopathy and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
glare quantification on, 10-11
macular degeneration and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
multifocal intraocular lenses and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68A) 
nephrotic cystinosis and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
optic nerve disease and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
penetrating keratoplasty and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
tissue light scattering and, glare and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
visual pathways and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 35) 
Contrast sensitivity, neuro-ophthalmologic examination, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Contrast sensitivity function, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Contrast sensitivity testing, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17 ) 
clinical applications, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
spatial, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Bailey-Lovie chart, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Pelli-Robson chart, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Vistech vision contrast test, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Contrast threshold, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Contrecoup injury, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) See also Trauma, blunt
Contusion angle deformity, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Contusions
to globe, sports-related, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
iritis from, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 62) See also Trauma, blunt
Convergence-accommodative micropsia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Convergence-evoked nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
Convergence nystagmus, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 11) 
"Convergence-retraction” nystagmus, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Convergent wavefronts, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
Convulsions. See Seizures
Copper, foreign bodies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Copper metabolism
in Menkes’ disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 19) 
Coralliform cataract, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Corgard (nadolol), pharmacology, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 32) 
Cornea, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8)  (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
ablation, excimer laser, videokeratography in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
abnormalities of size and curvature, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
abrasions, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
antimicrobial prophylaxis in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 64) 
in acrocephalosyndactyly, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
allografts and. (See Allografts)
alpha-adrenergic drug effects on, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 29) 
in Alport’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
anchoring structures, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
fibrils and plaques, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
anterior, posterior surfaces of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
anterior puncture of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 6) 
in Apert’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
bacterial invasion, resistance to, contact lenses and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 53) 
band keratopathy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) See also Keratopathy, band–shaped
in Berman disease (MLS IV), (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
calcification, in renal failure, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
carcinoma, squamous cell, superficial keratectomy in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
cellular exudates, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
central cloudy dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
central crystalline dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
central degenerations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Chandler’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
chemical injury. (See also Chemical injuries)
general anesthesia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
in chromosome abnormalities, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
clouding
congenital glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
during scleral buckling, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
contact lens complications involving, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) See also Contact lenses
contact lens for. (See also Contact lenses, corneal)
contour, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 50) (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 54) 
display by videokeratoscopy, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) See also Videokeratoscopy
corneal metabolism, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
corticosteroid penetration, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
craniofacial anomalies and, surgical management, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
crocodile shagreen
posterior mosaic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
crystals in
in multiple myeloma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
cultures, herpes simplex virus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
curvature, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
after lamellar refractive keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
intraocular lens power calculation and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 68) 
and soft contact lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
deep filiform dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
deformation, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
degenerations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) See also Degenerations, corneal
deposits, drug-induced
dermoids, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
Descemet’s membrane, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Descemets membrane. (See Descemets membrane)
diameter, mean horizontal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
diffuse degenerations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
disease, conjunctival flaps for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33 ) 
diseases topography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 112) 
disorders, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54F ) 
donor
preharvest, for lamellar keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
in Down’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in dysmorphic sialidosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
dystrophies, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16 Dystrophy, corneal) See also
inherited band-shaped, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
macular, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 63) See also Macular dystrophy(ies)
map-dot-fingerprint, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
microcystic, band-shaped and whorled, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
posterior amorphous, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
progressive, of Waardenburg and Jonkers, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 63) 
secondary to systemic disease, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
ectasias, noninflammatory, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
in ectodermal dysplasia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
edema
Descemets membrane tears and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
edema. (See Edema, corneal)
endothelial layer of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
endothelium, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
contact lens complications involving, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20) 
glaucoma and, pigmentary, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in herpes zoster keratouveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 39) 
mechanical trauma, edema due to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
nonmechanical damage, edema due to, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
pre-existing disease prior to cataract surgery, postoperative edema and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
endothelium. (See Endothelium, corneal)
enlarged, differential diagnosis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
in epidermolysis bullosa, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
epithelial abrasions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
epithelial layer of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
epithelium, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
anchoring fibrils, plaques, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
anchoring structures, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
basement membrane controversy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
in chemical injury, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
damage of
from contact lenses, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27 ) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 20) 
downgrowth, postoperative, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54G) 
edema, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
erosions
in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
soft contact lenses in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
epithelium. (See Epithelium, corneal)
erosions
contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
recurrent, therapeutic hydrogel lenses in, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 11) 
in erythema multiforme, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
evaporation from surface, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
in exfoliation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54B) 
exfolidating apical cells, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
furrow degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
gastrointestinal disorders involving, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
gelatinous droplike dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
in gonococcal conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
graft rejection line, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
ingrowth, after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
mechanical indentations, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
microcysts, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
penetrating keratoplasty complications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
granular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Grayson-Wilbrandt dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
hereditary endothelial dystrophy
hereditary epithelial dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
hereditary stromal dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
herpes affecting, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54F) 
herpes simplex virus involving, latency, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 89) 
in herpes zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
management strategies for, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
host defense mechanisms, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
native or nonspecific, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
specifically acquired immunity, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 45) 
in Hunter’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in Hurler’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in hydroa vacciniforme, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in hyperlipoproteinemias, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in hyperthyroidism, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
hypoesthesia, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
in hypophosphatasia, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in I-cell disease, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
immune rings, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
immunoglobulins and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
infiltrates
in herpes simplex necrotizing stromal keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
sterile, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
inflammations, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
scarring after, ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
inlays, complications, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
intraepithelial neoplasia, surgery for, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 28) 
intraocular pressure, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
IOL-induced uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
iron lines, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
vortex keratopathy and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
keratectomy. (See Keratectomy)
keratitis. (See Keratitis)
keratopathy. (See Keratopathy)
keratoprosthesis. (See Keratoprosthesis)
laser iridectomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
lattice dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
in lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 191) 
limbal guttering, in scleritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
lipid degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
lipid deposition, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in liver disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
lymphatic system to, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
macular dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
in Marfan’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
marginal crystalline dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Meesman’s dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
microscopic anatomy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
microsporidiosis, in AIDS, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 82) 
in Morquio’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in multiple endocrine neoplasia type II, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
in multiple myeloma, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
neovascularization
from contact lenses
deep stromal neovascularization, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
superficial neovascularization, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
in neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
nongranulomatous inflammation and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 3) 
in onchocerciasis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 61) 
opacities
automated perimetry in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 109) 
central
and hepatomegaly, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
in developing world, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 61 ) 
Fabry’s disease and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 31) 
metabolic diseases and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 54B) See also specific disease
surgical management, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106 ) 
ultrasound biomicroscopy in, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
optical properties, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
in osteogenesis imperfecta, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
pannus formation, in trachoma, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 60) 
in parathyroid disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
pellucid marginal degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
penetrating trauma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
peripheral degenerations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
peripheral rings, in chronic liver disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
peripheral thinning disorder, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 112) 
pigment deposition, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
position of anterior and posterior surfaces, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
posterior amorphous stromal dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
posterior defects, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
posterior polymorphous dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
power, surgically induced change in, calculation of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
pre-Descemet’s membrane dystrophies, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
in pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
racial differences, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 1) 
radii of surfaces of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 33) 
in angle-closure glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
refractive properties of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
Reis-Bucklers’ dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
retroillumination of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
in rheumatoid arthritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
Salzmann’s nodular degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
in Sanfilippo’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
scarring, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 31) 
postinflammatory, ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
in Scheie’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
scleral encroachment on, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
in scleritis and episcleritis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23 ) 
sensation, decreased, causes, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
silicone oil and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 56) 
in skin disorders, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
spheroid degeneration, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
staining of, from contact lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
in staphylococcal blepharoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
staphyloma, anterior, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
stroma, 2-3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
anterior puncture, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16A) 
in chemical injury, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
contact lens complications involving, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27 ) 
graft rejection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
hemorrhage, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
lens implantation in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
neovascularization, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
restoration of, in ocular surface reconstruction, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 34) 
superficial
clinical examination, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
lesions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17 ) 
associated phenomena, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
spotty, morphologic classification, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
morphological change in, patterns of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 17) 
surface, power, videokeratoscopic analysis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
surgery. (See Surgery, corneal)
surgical complications and
in systemic diseases, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) See also specific diseases
in systemic lupus erythematosus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
thinning
topical medications and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
toxic effects of light on, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
transparency, embryology, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 2) 
transplantation. (See Keratoplasty, Transplantation)
trauma
from contact lens, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 55) 
opacification due to, in developing world, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 61) 
perforating injury. (See Cornea, lacerations)
in tuberous sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
ulcers. (See Ulcers, corneal; Ulcer(s), corneal)
ultrasound biomicroscopy, 2, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
varicella-zoster virus involving, in AIDS, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 82) 
in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 3, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
vitrectomy complications
in vitro human corneal model, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
vortex dystrophy, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
warpage
contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
wavelength of light and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 15) 
white limbal girdle of Vogt, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
in xeroderma pigmentosum, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
Cornea in pregnancy, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 32) 
Corneal arcus, with gastrointestinal diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Corneal blood staining, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 61) 
Corneal haze after PRK, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 47) 
Corneal lacerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Corneal light reflex, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 65) 
Corneal manifestations, with gastrointestinal diseases, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Corneal manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases
Alagille syndrome, peripheral corneal changes in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Wilson’s disease, cornea in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 30) 
Corneal opacities in children, surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
complications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
lamellar keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
corneal lacerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
preoperative evaluation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
special situations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
surgical technique, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 106) 
Corneal phylctenulosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 8) 
Corneal recordings, in ERG, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 13) 
Corneal reflection, in eye movement recording, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Corneal reflex tests, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
Corneal ring implants, intrastromal, myopia correction and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 42) 
Corneal sensation, loss of, trigeminal nerve dysfunction, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Corneal surgery, anesthesia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 1) 
Corneal topography, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 6) 
Corneal wounds, penetrating, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 56) 
Cornelia de Lange syndrome, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 52) 
Corneolenticular adhesion, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 9) 
Corneo-mandibular reflex, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
Corneoscleral incision, lamellar, dissection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 39) 
Corneoscleral limbus
ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
Corneoscleral trabecula, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 31) 
Corneoscleral trabeculae. See Trabecular meshwork
Corneotrabeculodysgenesis, developmental glaucoma in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
Cornstarch emboli, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
Coronary cataract, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Corpus vitreum. See Vitreous
Correction, desired, determination of, in lamellar keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 64) 
Corrective lenses. See Contact lenses; Spectacle lenses
Correlational studies, in ophthalmic epidemiology, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
Cortex. See also Visual cortex
at temporal and occipital lobe junction, ocular motility and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 23) 
Cortex, visual, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
adaptations in strabismus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 8 ) 
cataract. (See Cataract, cortical)
magnification factor and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
retinoptic organization of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
topographic anatomy of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 4) 
Cortical adaptations of extramacular binocular fusion reflex to strabismus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 8) 
Cortical blindness, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
striate lesions and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 22) 
Cortical cataract. See Cataract, cortical
Cortical cleaving hydrodissection, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 7) 
Cortical function, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Cortical magnification factor, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 2) 
Corticosteroids. See also Glucocorticoids; specific corticosteroids
aqueous humor drainage and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
drug interactions, with NSAIDs, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
in endophthalmitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
for giant cell arteritis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
glaucoma and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) See also Glaucoma, steroid–induced
in infectious endophthalmitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 101) 
for Lyme borreliosis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 70) 
for optic neuritis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
in penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
Corticosteroid therapy
for Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
in acute retinal necrosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28) 
after cataract surgery, pediatric, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
after corneal ulcers, bacterial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
in allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in atopic keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in bacterial conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 5) 
in capillary hemangioma, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 37) 
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 12) 
as diagnostic aid, in orbital inflammation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
in erythema multiforme, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 12) 
in giant papillary conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9A) 
in herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in histoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 48) 
for idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 27) 
immunosuppression using, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
intravitreal, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
in keratitis, bacterial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
lid retraction from, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
in multiple sclerosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in optic neuritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in orbital inflammation, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
postoperative, eyelid trauma and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
in pseudotumor cerebri, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in scleritis
local corticosteroids, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
systemic corticosteroids, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 23) 
in Sjorgren’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
in thyroid disorders, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 21) 
acute congestive orbitopathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
compressive optic neuropathy, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 36) 
for toxoplasmosis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 46) 
in traumatic hyphema, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
in vernal conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 51) 
Cortisol, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) See also Glucocorticoids
Cortisone, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 22) 
Corynebacterium spp., endophthalmitis caused by, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
COS. See Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS)
Cosine drop-off law, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Cosmegen. See Dactinomycin
Cosmetics, after lid repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 75) 
Cosmetic shell, preparation for, conjunctival flap in, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 33) 
Cost-benefit analysis, in health economics, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
Cost-effectiveness, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
Cost-effectiveness analysis
in health economics, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
in ophthalmology, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
sensitivity analysis in, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
Cost-utility analysis, in health economics, 4, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 69) 
Cotrimoxazole. See Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Cotton-wool spots, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 16) 
in central retinal vein obstruction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
in cilioretinal artery obstruction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
in diabetic retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
retinal, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 18) See also Exudates, retinal
in cranial arteritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
in diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
in hypertensive retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
in retinal arteriole obstruction, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 14) 
in sickle cell disease, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
in systemic arterial hypertension, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 113C) 
Coumarin
derivatives, teratogenicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 39) 
for thrombophilia, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Coup, contrecoup, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Coup de sabre deformity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Coup injury, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 31) See also Trauma, blunt
Coverlet Eye Occlusor, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
Cover tests, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6 ) 
alternate, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6 ) 
for AC/A determinations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 7) 
in paresis of extraocular muscles, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 3) 
in monofixation syndrome, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 14) 
Cover-uncover test, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 6) 
CPEO. See Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia; Chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia
Cranial arteritis. See Arteritis, cranial; Giant cell arteritis
Cranial fossa, middle, trigeminal neuropathy and, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Cranial fossa, trigeminal nerve dysfunction, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Cranial nerves. See also specific nerves
in bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 36) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
III, partial palsy, Duane retraction syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
IV, palsy, Duane retraction syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
VI, palsy
Duane retraction syndrome and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
myasthenia gravis versus, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 20) 
VII. (See Facial nerve)
in Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Cranial nerves, anatomy of, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Cranial neuritis
idiopathic polyneuritis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 37) 
Cranial polyneuropathy, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
Craniofacial anomalies, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 59) See also specific type, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
anesthetic considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
area I midline clefts, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
baseline ophthalmic evaluation, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
lacrimal system abnormalities and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 79) 
nasolacrimal dysfunction in, treatment, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
optic disc abnormalities in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
in canthal dystopia, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
follow-up evaluation, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
for motility disorders, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
in telecanthus and associated lid and brow deformities, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Craniofacial dysostoses, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 58) 
Craniofacial dysostosis, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) See also Crouzon’s syndrome
Cranio-orbital syndromes, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 32) 
Craniopharyngiomas
chiasmal syndromes in, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
orbital extension, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
Craniostenoses. See Craniosynostoses
Craniosynostoses, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 30) (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) See also Craniofacial anomalies; specific syndromes
Apert’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Crouzon’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
Craniosynostosis, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41 ) 
in Apert’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in Carpenter’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in Crouzon’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
orbital manifestations of, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 17) 
in Pfeiffer’s syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
Craniosynostosis syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Cranium
in Crouzon’s syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
developmental anomalies of, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
in hypertelorism, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
tumors in
orbital extension of, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 46) 
Crawford technique, modified, in ptosis surgery, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 72 ) 
in cranial arteritis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Creatine deficiency, correction, in gyrate atrophy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 25) 
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Cribriform ligament. See Trabecular meshwork
Cricket, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Cri du chat syndrome, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 41) 
Criterion shift, blindsight and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 7) 
Critical flicker fusion (CFF), (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Critical period, of development, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 10) 
Crocodile shagreen
posterior mosaic, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 16) 
Crohn disease. See also Inflammatory bowel disease
Cromoglycate (Cromolyn), side effects, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Cromolyn sodium (Opticrom)
in allergic conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in atopic keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in vernal conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
Cross cylinder, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38 ) 
for accommodation amplitude, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
combined with other refractive techniques, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
for determination of cylinder axis, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
for determination of cylinder power, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
with eye in meridional balance, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Reagan-Lancaster dial with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
retinoscopy with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
rotation method in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
secondary astigmatism and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Snellen letters with, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
tertiary astigmatism and, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
twirling method in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38) 
Crossmatching, in corneal transplant, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cross matching, of HLA antigens, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 38) 
Cross-McKusick-Breen syndrome, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 38) 
Croup, postintubation, in children, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis. See Crouzon’s syndrome
Cryopexy, prophylactic, penetrating trauma and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 66) 
Cryotherapy
in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 80) 
for Coats’ disease, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
for conjunctival tumors, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 10) 
in diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
for retinal breaks, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
for retinal tears, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 59) 
in retinopathy of prematurity (retrolental fibroplasia), (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 76) 
Cryotherapy treatment for retinal tears, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 60) 
Crystal form of oral medications, bioinequivalence and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 22) 
Crystalline cataracts, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 15) 
Crystalline dystrophy, Schnyder, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 63) 
Crystalline keratopathy, infectious, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 49) 
Crystalline lens. See Lens of eye
Crystalline retinopathy, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
Crystals
cystine, in cornea, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 15) 
CSA (Canadian Standards Association), (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
C streaks, in bacterial keratitis cultures, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
CT. See Computed tomography
Culture isolation, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
bacteria, fungi, protozoa, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
viruses, chlamydia, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Culture media, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 64) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) See also Laboratory diagnosis
for fungi, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) 
identification characteristics, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) 
for gram-negative cocci, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 50) 
Culture(s)
in Acanthamoeba keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18A) 
bacterial, in herpes simplex virus, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in bacterial keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
in follicular conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
Cup:disc ratio. See Optic cup/disc ratio
Curschmann-Steinert disease, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 29) 
Curvularia lunata, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 54) 
Cushingoid features, corticosteroids and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 31) 
Cushing syndrome, corticosteroids and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Cutaneous disease. See Skin disorders
Cutaneous disease, cataract from, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 73) 
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 79) 
Cutaneovisceral hemangiomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 17) 
Cutis hyperelastica. See Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Cutis hypoplasia, congenital. See Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome
Cutler-Beard procedure, in lid repair, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 88) 
Cyanoacrylate adhesives, in corneal perforations, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), deficiency, optic neuropathy and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
Cyanotic congenital heart disease
with critical obstruction to pulmonary blood flow, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
with malalignment of great arteries, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
with venous admixture and increased pulmonary blood flow, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 22A) 
Cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP)
retinal degeneration and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
in visual transduction, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 12) 
Cyclic membranes, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 64) 
Cycling, eye injuries from, protective device effectiveness and, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 45) 
Cyclitic membranes, in uveitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 32) 
Cyclitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
heterochromic. (See Fuchs’ syndrome)
uveitis and, cataract extraction, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 64) 
Cyclocongestive glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54E) 
Cyclodestructive procedures, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
in glaucoma
in nanophthalmos, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
transscleral, laser, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 19) 
Cyclodeviation. See also Cyclotropia
in oblique muscle dysfunction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 17) 
Cyclodialysis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
ciliochoroidal effusions from, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 63) 
cleft, traumatic, gonioscopic appearance of, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 44) 
glaucoma surgery and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 15) 
hypotony from, lasers for, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 69B) 
postoperative, ultrasound biomicroscopy, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 106) 
trauma to ciliary body and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 61) 
Cyclodialysis clefts, indirect-acting muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Cyclogyl. See Cyclopentolate hydrochloride (Cyclogyl, Mydrilate)
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors
for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
for vernal keratoconjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cyclooxygenase pathway, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cyclooxygenase products
Cyclopean stereopsis, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 24) 
Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl)
in open angle glaucoma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
side effects, in infants and children, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 43) 
Cyclopentolate hydrochloride (Cyclogyl, Mydrilate)
pediatric dosage and administration of, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 81) 
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 41) See also Immunosuppressive agents
for cicatricial pemphigoid, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 27) 
in ocular inflammatory disease, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
in pars planitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
uveitis treated with, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 33) 
for Wegener’s granulomatosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 35) 
Cycloplegia
in bacterial keratitis, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 36) 
muscarinic agonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
muscarinic antagonists and, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
pupillary effects, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 9) 
Cycloplegic agents
in accommodative esodeviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
administration, in children, psychological considerations, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 80) 
in amblyopia treatment, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 11) 
in chemical injuries, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 28) 
in corneal ulcers, bacterial, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 18) 
in herpes zoster, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 20) 
in herpetic epithelial keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in herpetic stromal keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
in penetrating keratoplasty, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 26) 
in uveitic glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 54D) 
Cycloplegic refraction, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41 ) 
in accommodative esodeviations, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 12) 
atropine sulfate in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in craniofacial syndromes, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 110) 
cyclopentolate hydrochloride in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
cycloplegic agents, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
drug instillation, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
in glaucoma, developmental, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 51) 
homatropine hydrobromide in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
scopolamine hydrobromide in, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
undesirable effects, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 41) 
Cycloserine, ocular toxicity, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 37) 
Cyclotherapy, laser, in glaucoma, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 69B) 
Cyclotropia, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 13) See also Cyclodeviation
surgical correction, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 97) 
contraindications, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 97) 
Harada-Ito procedure, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 97) 
horizontal transposition of vertical rectus muscles, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 97) 
Cyclovertical muscles, palsy of, (1)19: 5–12
Cylinder lenses, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) See also Toric lenses
axis determination with cross cylinder, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 38 ) 
cutting of, in astigmatism, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 36) 
power versus meridian, graphing of, (Clinical Volume 1, Chapter 30) 
Cyproheptadine, for migraine, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 16) 
Cystathione B-synthase, deficiency, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 23) 
Cystic disease of retina, 3, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Cystic hidradenoma, solid, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 7) 
Cystoid macular dystrophy, dominant, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) 
Cystoid macular edema, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 7) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 13) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 9) (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 23) (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 11) 
after blunt trauma, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 6) 
chronic, treatment of, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 55) 
in diabetes mellitus, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 18) 
in diabetic retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 30) 
dominantly inherited, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 60) 
epinephrine-induced, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 56) 
in hypertensive retinopathy, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 13) 
light toxicity and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 37) 
Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 10) 
optical coherence tomography, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 107) 
in pediatric patient, after cataract surgery, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 100) 
in phakic patients with retinal periphlebitis and vitreous inflammation, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 43) 
secondary IOL implantation and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 8) 
vitreous traction and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 10) 
Cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery, (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 38) 
Cyst(s)
arachnoidal, suprasellar, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
of ciliary body, angle closure in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
conjunctival, in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 2, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 9) 
craniopharyngioma and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
dermoid. (See Dermoid cysts)
epithelial, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
microcysts, contact lens-associated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 27) 
epithelial inclusion
after radial keratotomy, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 41) 
inclusion, epidermal, of eyelid, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 3) 
interface, epikeratophakia and, (Clinical Volume 6, Chapter 103) 
of iris, angle closure in, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 53) 
optic nerve sheath, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 31) 
orbital, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 31) See also Orbit, cysts
of Rathke’s pouch, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 6) 
retinal tufts and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 26) 
Cytochalasins, aqueous outflow facility, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 45) 
Cytochrome P-450 1B1, glaucoma and, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 50) 
in lymphoma diagnosis, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 39) 
Cytoid bodies. See Cotton-wool spots
Cytoid bodies, retinal. See Cotton-wool spots, retinal
Cytologic examination, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 1 Laboratory diagnosis) 
in follicular conjunctivitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 7) 
in primary herpes simplex keratitis, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 19) 
Cytomegalovirus, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 33) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 32) (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 85) (Foundations Volume 3, Chapter 4) 
clinical characteristics of infection
conjunctivitis, in AIDS, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 82) 
epidemics and outbreaks, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 43) 
host defenses and immune responses, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 98) 
optic neuropathies and, (Clinical Volume 2, Chapter 5) 
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for, (Clinical Volume 3, Chapter 28A) 
Cytopathies, mitochondrial, (Clinical Volume 5, Chapter 28) 
Cytoplasmic inclusions, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 40) 
Cytoskeletal proteins, lens and, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 10) 
Cytotoxic agents, immunosuppression using, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cytotoxic agents, ocular teratogenicity, (Foundations Volume 1, Chapter 39) 
Cytotoxic antibody, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 34) 
hypersensitivity uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
Cytotoxicity
antibody dependent cell-mediated, hypersensitivity uveitis and, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 54) 
cell-mediated, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
hypersensitivity reactions, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cytotoxic reactions. See also Hypersensitivity, type II
in external tissues, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
in internal tissues, (Foundations Volume 2, Chapter 26) 
Cytotoxic T cells, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
in corneal graft rejection, (Clinical Volume 4, Chapter 2) 
Cytoxan. See Cyclophosphamide

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